Optical: systems and elements – Holographic system or element – Using a hologram as an optical element
Patent
1994-07-13
1996-04-02
Gross, Anita Pellman
Optical: systems and elements
Holographic system or element
Using a hologram as an optical element
359 80, 359 81, G02F 11343, G02F 11339
Patent
active
055046010
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus, in particular, to a liquid crystal display apparatus having two substrates bonded with an equal gap.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, so as to speed up image processing of liquid crystal display apparatuses and improve display image quality, so-called active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatuses where switching thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs) are disposed corresponding to display picture elements (pixels) have been developed.
Switching TFTs that contain amorphous silicon (a-Si) or poly silicon (poly-Si) have been widely used for such active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatuses.
In particular, poly-Si TFTs have high mobility and is incorporated as driver circuits with switching TFTs corresponding to pixels on the same substrate from the process coordination point of view. Thus, it is known that poly-Si is a constructional material of TFTs suitable for active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatuses, which should be small and have precise display characteristics.
Next, a construction of a switching element array substrate for use in a conventional active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus will be described in brief. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a switching element array substrate. FIG. 10 is a sectional view (taken along line A-A' of FIG. 9) chiefly showing signal lines of a portion covered with a sealing member. FIG. 11 is a sectional view (taken along line B-B' of FIG. 9) chiefly showing scanning lines of a portion covered with the sealing member. For simplicity, FIG. 9 shows only nine pixels in the display region of a liquid crystal display panel. In addition to constructional elements shown in FIG. 9, storage capacitors Cs, storage capacitor lines coupled thereto, and the like are formed on a TFT substrate. For simplicity, these capacitors, lines, and the like are omitted.
As shown in FIG. 9, TFTs 503 that are used as switching elements of a pixel portion each are formed on a switching element array substrate 501 of the liquid crystal display apparatus. A drain of each TFT 503 is connected to a signal line 505. A source of each TFT 503 is connected to a pixel electrode 507. A gate of each TFT 503 is connected to a scanning line 509.
The signal line 505 extends outside a display region through a sealing member 511 and is connected to signal line driver circuits 513. The scanning line 509 extends outside the display region through the sealing member 511 and is connected to scanning line driver circuits 515.
As shown in FIG. 10, which is a sectional view taken along line A-A' of FIG. 9, the layer insulating film 601, the signal line 505, and the protecting film 603 are layered on the glass substrate 600. The layer insulating film 601 is made of for example SiO.sub.x. The signal line 505 is formed by patterning a Al/Cr film on the glass substrate 600.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, which is a sectional view taken along line B-B' of FIG. 9, the scanning line 509 is formed by patterning a poly-silicon film on the glass substrate 600. Since the poly-silicon film contains impurities, the resistance of the poly-silicon film is low.
The switching element array substrate 501 and an opposed substrate (not shown) are positioned face to face. The opposed substrate has a counter electrode and aligning film. The counter electrode is made of ITO. The sealing member (that serves both as a sealing member and a bonding agent) 511 is printed or coated with a predetermined width over the signal lines 505 that extend between the signal line driver circuits 513 and the display region, and over the scanning lines 509 that extend between the scanning line driver circuits 515 and the display region. Both of the substrates are facing each other with a gap and bonded with pressing so that the aligning directions of the aligning films of the substrates are perpendicular to each other. A cavity liquid crystal cell defined by the gap between the two substrates and the sealing membe
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Nakamura Hiroki
Sugawara Takako
Watanabe Yoshihiro
Gross Anita Pellman
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
Malinowski Walter J.
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