Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Enzyme component of specific activity or source
Patent
1995-01-11
1997-06-03
Lieberman, Paul
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Enzyme component of specific activity or source
510531, 435201, 435202, 435203, 435204, C11D 3386
Patent
active
056354681
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to liquefying alkaline .alpha.-amylases useful as components for detergents, a preparation process thereof and detergent compositions containing the same.
BACKGROUND ART
.alpha.-Amylases are enzymes which hydrolyze only .alpha.-1,4-glucosidic linkages in molecules of starchy polysaccharides such as starches, amylose and amylopectin. Since the discovery of an .alpha.-amylase from a malt extract by Payen and Persoz in 1833, they have been obtained as crystalline samples or electrophoretically uniform samples from various living organisms, for example, bacteria belonging mainly to the genus Bacillus, such as Bacillus subtilis Marburg, Bacillus subtilis natto, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus macerans, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Klebsiella aerogenes; Actinomycetes such as Streptomyces griseus; molds belonging mainly to the genus Aspergillus such as Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger; seeds of gramineous and leguminous plants; and digestive glands of animals such as human and swine.
.alpha.-Amylases have been used widely for many years, for example, for the saccharification of grains and potatoes in the brewing industry, as a desizing agent in the fiber industry, as a high-efficacy digestive in the pharmaceutical industry and for the production of thick malt syrup in the food industry.
The present inventors previously found that the incorporation of such an .alpha.-amylase in a dish washing detergent or in a laundry detergent together with a debranching enzyme makes it possible to prepare a detergent having significantly improved detergency against starch stains and already filed a patent application thereon (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 132192/1990).
Most of .alpha.-amylases which have heretofore been found in the natural world exhibit maximum and stable enzymatic activity in a neutral to acidic range, in other words, are classified as neutral to acidic .alpha.-amylases, leading to the drawback that their activity is deteriorated in a surfactant-containing solution whose pH is on the alkaline side. On the other hand, .alpha.-amylases exhibiting maximum activity in the alkaline range or having alkali resistance, in other words, alkaline .alpha.-amylases and alkali-resistant .alpha.-amylases are free of the above drawback and are useful as components for detergents. Known examples of such alkaline amylases and alkali-resistant .alpha.-amylases are limited only to the enzyme produced by the strain Bacillus sp. A-40-2 [Agric. Biol. Chem., 35, 1783 (1971)], the enzyme produced by the strain Bacillus sp. NRRL B-3881 [J. Bacteriol., 110, 992 (1972)], the enzyme produced by Streptomyces sp. KSM-9 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 209588/1986, the enzyme produced by the strain Bacillus sp. H-167 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 208278/1987), the enzyme produced by the strain Bacillus alcalothermophilus A3-8 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49584/1990) and the enzyme produced by the strain Natrococcus sp. Ah-36 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 211369/1992). Incidentally, the term "alkaline .alpha.-amylase" as used herein means an .alpha.-amylase whose optimum pH is in an alkaline range, while the term "alkali-resistant .alpha.-amylase" means an .alpha.-amylase which has an optimum pH in a neutral to acidic range, but even in an alkaline range, can still exhibit activity comparable with that at an optimum pH and retains stability. The term "neutral" as used herein means a pH range of from 6 to 8 and "alkaline" means a pH range higher than the above range.
To the best of the present inventors's knowledge, these alkaline and alkali-resistant enzymes belong to so-called saccharifying .alpha.-amylases which degrade starches or starchy polysaccharides to glucose, maltose or maltotrise. They are hence suited as enzymes for the production of sugar but not as enzymes for detergents. Paying attention to so-called liquefying .alpha.-amylases which are resistant to surfactants and in addition, degrade starches or starchy polysacc
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Ara Katsutoshi
Hagihara Hiroshi
Hoshino Eiichi
Igarashi Kazuaki
Ito Susumu
Fries Kery A.
Kao Corporation
Lieberman Paul
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