Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Electric or magnetic imagery – e.g. – xerography,... – Radiation-sensitive composition or product
Patent
1994-06-02
1998-04-21
Lesmes, George F.
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography,...
Radiation-sensitive composition or product
430 95, G03G 1502, G03G 1508
Patent
active
057416150
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved light receiving member comprising a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix and having sensitivity to electromagnetic waves such as light (which herein means in a broad sense those lights such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, X-rays, and .gamma.-rays) which is usable as electrophotographic image-forming members, image pickup devices, photoelectric conversion devices, solar cells, and the like.
2. Related Background Art
In recent years, various studies and proposals have been made of electronic devices such as electrophotographic image-forming members, solar cells, and thin film transistors in which non-single crystal materials containing silicon atoms as a matrix (hereinafter referred to as "non-Si material") including amorphous hydrogenated or/and halogenated silicon materials (hereinafter referred to as "a-Si (H,X) material") are used.
Conventional non-Si materials such as a-Si (H,X) materials and the like exhibit good characteristics when used in electronic devices such as electrophotographic image-forming members, solar cells, and the like. But these non-Si materials are still problematic in terms of occurrence of defects due to tail states or/and dangling bonds present in their forbidden band. Particularly, for instance, in the case where dangling bonds are present in an a-Si (H,X) film to be used in such electronic devices, such dangling bonds function as a recombination center for photo-excited carriers or injected carriers, wherein the number of carriers to be practically utilized is decreased, resulting in a reduction in photocurrent. Specifically, in the case of an electrophotographic image-forming member comprising such a-Si (H,X) material, this situation entails a problem in that the electrophotographic image-forming member does not exhibit a satisfactory sensitivity, and similarly, in the case of a solar cell comprising such a-Si (H,X) material, this situation entails a problem in that the solar cell does not provide a satisfactory photocurrent. In addition, since these dangling bonds are usually present in the vicinity of the Fermi level situated at the center of a forbidden band, in the case where the number of such dangling bonds is relatively large, the influence due to a hopping conduction among the dangling bonds is increased to make the a-Si (H,X) film to exhibit a reduced dark resistance. In the case of the electrophotographic image-forming member comprising such a-Si (H,X) film, it is liable to be insufficient in terms of the charge retentivity.
In the case of an electrophotographic image-forming member produced by using an a-Si (H,X) film accompanied by dangling bonds and tail states, when such a member is subjected to corona charging in the electrophotographic image-forming process, there is a tendency that corona ions are deposited on the electrophotographic image-forming member, when charges from the corona ions are injected into the members interior through such dangling bond and tail states, there is a reduction in the charge retentivity.
The tail state is closely related to light-induced fatigue for the a-Si (H,X) film. Accordingly, in order to obtain, using an a-Si (H,X) film, an electrophotographic image-forming member or a solar cell which can be continuously used over a long period of time without being fatigued with light irradiation, it is desired for the a-Si (H,X) film to be free of tail states. Other than this, the tail state influences the mobility of a charge. The more the tail states, the smaller the charge mobility, wherein charges are likely to be trapped in the tail state.
In the case of an electrophotographic image-forming member produced by using an a-Si (H,X) film accompanied by tail states, there is a tendency of causing problems relating to residual potential, ghost appearance, dependency of the charge retentivity upon the previous exposure, and deterioration of the photosensitivity. In addition, the quantity of charge
REFERENCES:
patent: 4906543 (1990-03-01), Aoike et al.
patent: 5043772 (1991-08-01), Yamazaki
patent: 5236798 (1993-08-01), Aoike et al.
Aoike Tatsuyuki
Arao Kozo
Saitoh Keishi
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
Lesmes George F.
Weiner Laura
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