Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Organic nitrogen compound
Reexamination Certificate
1999-01-28
2001-03-20
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Organic nitrogen compound
C508S388000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06204228
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention described herein pertains generally to oil- and aqueous-based compositions and to the improvement of the appearance, safety and stability of such fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Modern metal working and forming processes normally require the use of cutting fluids whose function is to facilitate the machining operations by cooling and lubricating. The cooling function is accomplished by the ability of the fluid to carry off the heat generated by the frictional contact between the tool and the work piece and/or any heat resulting from the plastic deformation of the work. Cooling aids tool life, preserves tool hardness and helps to maintain the dimensions of the machined parts. The second function is accomplished by the ability of the fluid to lubricate the tool work piece interface in order to reduce tool wear, frictional heat generation and power consumption. The presence of a fluid also serves to carry away debris from the work area.
In addition to the primary functions of cooling and lubricating, cutting fluids should protect the machined surfaces, tools and other equipment from rust and corrosion, should not themselves corrode, discolor or form deposits in or on the work area, and should not produce undesirable flames or smoke. Additionally, in those instances where skin contact is unavoidable, the cutting fluid compositions should be non-toxic and dermatologically safe.
Moreover, the cutting fluid composition itself should, ideally have some stability against microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi frequently spoil soluble cutting fluids (especially oil and water emulsions) during machining operations. Not surprisingly, the cutting environment, which contains warm water and an available carbon source, provides a good medium for microorganism growth. Spoilage often manifests itself first as a foul smell. This can also be caused by the presence of sulfur-containing additives that are capable of being reduced to hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs.
Sulfur-containing additives have been made from treatment of olefins or fats with elemental sulfur. The resulting products are black in color and smell of hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, free thiol functionalities will react with many metals, especially those containing copper, and stain the metal black. Alternative products are polysulfides, which can be light in color but tend to decompose into elemental sulfur and mercaptans upon standing. The polysulfides and the sulfurized fats and olefins are only soluble in oil.
Sulfur-containing additives become functional under conditions of extreme heat and pressure, producing metal sulfides which can improve metal cutting and forming efficiency. Metalworking fluids that incorporate sulfur-containing additives can improve the efficiency of various metalworking operations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Compositions according to this invention include lubricants, concentrates and greases. All of these compositions comprise a lubricant base material and an extreme pressure additive.
The additives of this invention are reaction products of sulfamic acid or derivative thereof with an amine. The amine functionality includes aromatic amines, alkanolamines, C
1-30
alkyl amines, or other amine derivatives. These amines may be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Also included are diamines, triamines, or other polyamines. The sulfamic acid or derivative thereof (which may be referred to as the “sulfamic acid compound” or “the sulfamic acid reactant”) is preferably sulfamic acid itself but may be a derivative containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms.
Additives of this invention contain from 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms. These additives may be either water soluble or oil soluble. In general, water soluble additives contain from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, and oil soluble additives contain from about 8 to about 36 carbon atoms.
The additives of this invention are stable. They do not decompose under normal lubricant service conditions. The sulfur in these additives is inactive. This means that the sulfur will not react with metal until extreme conditions are met. Additives of this invention will not attack metals such as copper brass and bronze at temperatures below 200° F. (95° C.) and will not corrode or stain steel upon use. This represents a major advantage of additives of this invention compared to sulfur-containing lubricant additives known in this art.
The lubricant base material may be either water or an oil of lubricating viscosity, depending on whether a water based lubricant or a oil based lubricant is desired.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The best mode for carrying out the invention will now be described for the purposes of illustrating the best mode known to the applicant at the time. The examples are illustrative only and not meant to limit the invention.
The extreme pressure additive for compositions of this invention is a reaction product of an amine with sulfamic acid.
The amine starting material contains from one to about 30 carbon atoms. This amine may be either primary, secondary or tertiary. Also, it may be either aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic. The amine may be a hydrocarbon amine, such as ethylamine, in which the entire molecule other than the amino group or groups contains only carbon and hydrogen. Alternatively, the amine may contain other groups, such as for example hydroxy, mercapto, nitroso, nitro and sulfoxy. In particular, hydroxy-substituted amines, as for example ethanolamine (also known as monoethanolamine, MEA), are of interest as starting materials.
When an oil soluble reaction product is desired, the amine starting material will typically contain from eight to about 30 carbon atoms. Similarly, when a water soluble reaction product is desired, the starting amine will typically contain from one to about seven carbon atoms. However, whether the reaction product is water soluble or oil soluble depends not only on the carbon chain length of the starting amine, but also to some extent on the presence of hydrophilic groups, and particular, hydroxy.
In this application, the term “hydrocarbyl” will be used, and for the purposes of definition, will include hydrocarbon, as well as substantially hydrocarbon groups. Substantially hydrocarbon describes groups which contain hetero atom substituents which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the group. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following: (1) hydrocarbon substituents, this is aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, aromatic-substituted aliphatic substituents or aromatic-substituted alicyclic substituents, or aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents and the like, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (that is, for example, any two indicated substituents may together form an alicyclic radical); (2) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, those substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent; those skilled in the art will be aware of such groups (e.g., hydroxy, mercapto, nitroso, nitro, sulfoxy, etc.); and (3) hetero atom substituents, this is, substituents which will, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention, contain an atom other than carbon present in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms (e.g., alkoxy or alkylthio). Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and such substituents as, e.g., pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, etc. In general, no more than one hetero atom substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group. Typically, there will be no such heteroatom substituents in the hydrocarbyl group, and in a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group will be purely hydrocarbon.
The amine starting material
Fette C. Joseph
MacNeil James G.
Wade Barbara A.
Dover Chemical Corp.
Medley Margaret
Oldham & Oldham Co. LPA
Toomer Cephia D.
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