Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Sealed cell having gas prevention or elimation means – Prevention or elimination means is one of the cell...
Patent
1980-03-12
1982-05-25
Skapars, Anthony
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Sealed cell having gas prevention or elimation means
Prevention or elimination means is one of the cell...
429188, 429199, 429225, 429105, H01M 1006
Patent
active
043317448
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a lead salt electric storage battery with electrodes of first order, i.e. a battery in which the active materials are deposited as coatings on the electrodes during charging and are again dissolved in the electrolyte during discharging. Such batteries are know per se.
2. Prior Art
Electric batteries with electrodes of first order and electrolytes other than lead salts are also known in a great many varieties, and many of these have satisfactory properties for various uses. However, the invention is directed specifically to the problems of lead salt batteries, which have the potential advantage of providing a relatively inexpensive medium for the reversible storage of electric energy for general purposes.
Lead salt electric storage batteries of the type considered are known from the Western German published applications Nos. 2,451,017 and 2,532,512. These batteries contain as electrolyte aqueous solutions of lead salts of perchloric acid, tetrafluoro boric acid, hexafluoro silicic acid and/or amido sulfonic acid. From the electrolyte lead dioxide and metallic lead are deposited during charging on the anode and the cathode respectively in the form of coatings, from which they are again dissolved during discharging. By the anode is to be understood, throughout this specification, the electrode which forms the positive pole during discharge. In the known batteries considered the anode consists of a porous, graphite-filled artificial resin having a pore volume of 20-70% and containing 50-80% graphite by weight.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of the invention to construct a lead salt electric battery with electrodes of first order and with an anode body comprising graphite in such a manner as completely to avoid the development of gas, even transitionally, within the cell or each cell of the battery, while at the same time obtaining compactness of structure, a high mechanical, electrical and chemical stability and a high amp-hours capacity in relation to volume and weight.
According to the invention, a lead salt battery of the type described is characterized by the combination of the following features: temperature of at least 2500.degree. C., electrically conductive cell closure consisting of moulded artificial resin with moulded-in, uniformly distributed short-cut graphite fibers likewise graphitized at a temperature of at least 2500.degree. C., established either by gluing with an artificial resin glue with mixed-in short-cut graphite fibers, likewise graphitized at a temperature of at least 2500.degree. C., or by embedding fibers at the surface of the active anode body in the artificial resin of the cell closure by temporary softening of the surface of said artificial resin by heat or by the application of a volatile solvent, lead methane sulfonate (Pb(CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3).sub.2) dissolved in water.
It has been found that with the above mentioned combination of construction materials and electrolyte, development of gas in the cell is completely avoided, and a high chemical stability is achieved. An important factor in achieving this result is that the only electrically conducting material, to which the electrolyte has access on the anove side of the cell, is graphite which has been graphitized at a temperature of at least 2500.degree. C.
A graphitized textile material distinguishes itself by having a great pore volume, e.g. about 85%, and the textile structure provides a particularly great pore surface as related to the pore volume. This surface consists of pure carbon in graphite form as contrasted to the combined carbon and artificial resin surface of the anode in the known lead salt batteries referred to above. This contributes to obtaining a high amp-hours capacity for a given volume and a given weight of a battery cell. In spite of the great pore volume a graphitized textile material has a satisfactory mechanical strength. Graphitized textile materials are available on the market and are e.g. used as a reinforce
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Carlsen, administrator by Christian G.
Henk Peter O.
Piontkowski, deceased Ziemowit A. A.
Fischer Peter Axel
Skapars Anthony
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