Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Organic active compound containing
Patent
1995-03-14
1998-05-12
Clardy, S. Mark
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Organic active compound containing
A01N 4316
Patent
active
057504725
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application has been filed under 35 USC 371 from international application PCT/FR93/00698, filed Jul. 6, 1993.
The present invention relates to the use of laminarin as a seed germination and plant growth accelerator.
It is known that laminarin is a storage polymer of brown algae and consists of polysaccharides whose structures differ slightly according to the nature of the alga.
In general terms, laminarin consists of 20 to 60 D-glucopyranoside units distributed in a main linear chain, in which these units are joined by .beta.(1-3) linkages, and branches joined to this main chain by .beta.(1-6) linkages.
Some of these chains have a reducing terminal unit consisting of a mannitol unit. The existence of mannose units within this structure is also noted.
Laminarin is generally extracted from brown algae of the Pheophyceae type, and in particular the Fucales or the Laminariales.
Various extraction methods can be used to obtain the laminarin.
Reference may be made for example to the method described by Black et al., Appl. Chem. (1951), volume 1, pages 505 to 517.
More generally, laminarin can be obtained from brown algae by any extraction process which enables the constituents other than laminarin (wall polysaccharides, salts, etc.) to be successively removed.
In particular, these processes use steps involving grinding, precipitation in an acid or basic medium, ultrafiltration and dialysis.
Laminarin is also marketed, for example by Sigma Chimie SARL.
It is further known that sulfated laminarin possesses valuable pharmacological properties, in particular anticoagulant and hypocholesterolemic properties (K. C. Guven et al., Introduction to Applied Physiology, 1990, pages 67 to 92).
Various scientific publications describe the eliciting properties of laminarin, suggesting its use for enhancing plant defense reactions.
Thus NETZER et al. reveal that an infection with the pathogen S. oxysporum triggers the induction of laminarinase (Biological abstracts, vol. 68, no. 1, 1979).
Likewise, BONHOFF et al. reveal the properties of laminarin as an elicitor of phytoalexin and callose (Biological abstracts, vol. 86, no. 4, 1988).
Furthermore, KUROSAKI et al. (Biological abstracts, vol. 85, no. 2, 1988) and PEARCE (Biological abstracts, vol. 74, no. 8, 1982) confirm the eliciting effects of laminarin, in particular in respect of lignification, while at the same time stating that these effects are weak compared with those of the known elicitors.
This state of the art might suggest to those skilled in the art that they use laminarin to enhance plant defense reactions.
It has been discovered, and this is the basis of the invention, that laminarin has the properties of an alpha-amylase elicitor, causing an accelerating action on seed germination and plant growth.
It is pointed out that elicitation is a process which is based on a phase in which a metabolite is recognized by the plant cell and a phase in which a physiological response is generated by a signal. The elicitor therefore corresponds to any signal capable of inducing in plants reactions which enable it to adapt to its environment.
It has been discovered, quite unexpectedly, that laminarin induces the activation of marker enzymes of the growth process in plants, and the stimulation of the proteolytic activity of the treated cells.
It has thus been demonstrated that laminarin and compositions in which it is present increase the production yield of agricultural products by exerting an accelerating action on plant growth, cell elongation and seed germination.
Thus the present invention relates to the use of laminarin as a seed germination and plant growth accelerator.
According to one particular characteristic of this use according to the invention, the laminarin is applied via the leaves or to the soil.
According to another particular characteristic of the invention, this use comprises the preparation of a composition containing an effective amount of laminarin, optionally incorporated with an agriculturally acceptable carrier or vehicle.
According to one particular
REFERENCES:
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Bernier et al, "Induction and Secretion of .alpha.-Amylase . . . " Cereal Chemistry 70(2):127-132. Feb. 1993.
Amin-Gendy Cyrille
Cloarec Bernard
Levasseur Florence
Lienart Yvette Janine
Patier Pascale
Clardy S. Mark
Laboratoires Goemar S.A.
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