Dentistry – Prosthodontics – Holding or positioning denture in mouth
Patent
1997-05-02
1999-12-28
Wilson, John J.
Dentistry
Prosthodontics
Holding or positioning denture in mouth
433174, A61C 800
Patent
active
060073373
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a jaw implant according to the principal clause of Patent claim 1.
Jaw implants are known in numerous versions. Known jaw implants include needle implants, blade implants and especially screw implants. Known screw implants have a conical implant body that can be screwed into the jawbone and is provided with an implant head to accept a false tooth or a subconstruction.
It has been shown that the design and use of screw bodies implanted subperiosteally or intraosteally is not without problems. Destruction of the bone substance by the relatively deep penetration of the cutting threads cannot be ruled out in the known screw implants. Primary stability, on which later retention is dependent and which is largely responsible for frictional bonding of the implant and bone, is not guaranteed owing to the destroyed tissue parts and the empty spaces occurring in the region of the implant. Special significance is assigned to the shape of the threads in screw implants. For example, DE-OS 31 36 602 proposed a screw implant having a conical screw shaft with a helical thread in order to impart greater strength to the implant in the implanted state.
EP-A-0 114 955 describes a jaw implant with a shaft implant body designed as an expansion body in its lower, insertion-side section. The known implant is not designed as a screw implant. It is introduced to a hole in the jaw bone and anchored by expansion of the implant foot.
For durable retention of the implant it is not only decisive that destruction of the bone substance be avoided during insertion of the threading, but also that the implant find support on both ends in the bone, i.e., the compact bone substance of the alveolar ridge and the counter-corticalis. The known screw implants must therefore be supported on the bone substance of the lower jaw bone opposite the entrance with the hemispherical tip of their conical screw shaft. However, it has been shown that, despite support, penetration of the known screw implants into the jaw bone because of high chewing pressure cannot be ruled out. The large axial forces, which exert severe loading on the bone tissue, can cause loosening of the implant so that loss of sealing can occur in the region of insertion of the implant body into the jaw bone, which represents a focus of infection.
The underlying task of the invention is to devise a screw implant of the type mentioned in the introduction that permits improved anchoring in the jaw bone and withstands high chewing pressures.
Solution of the task occurs according to the invention with the features stated in Patent claim 1.
The implant foot of the screw of the screwable implant body is designed in the set according to the invention for production of a jaw implant as an expansion body having several expansion elements that can be expanded laterally. The implant body finds adequate support on the bone substance of the counter-corticalis with the foot part designed as an expansion body. Since the implant body is multiply supported with the expansion elements on the counter-corticalis, the forces introduced axially to the implant body during chewing movements can be better supported so that the durability of the implant is improved. The load is not concentrated at a single point, but is distributed over a larger region.
Although the region in which the implant body is supported on the counter-corticalis is enlarged relative to the known screw implants, the implant body of the set according to the invention requires only relatively limited intervention in which only little bone substance is removed. Expansion of the foot part by expansion of the expansion elements occurs only when the implant has been screwed into the jaw bone.
The expansion elements create not only a widened support surface, but are pressed into the contacted spongy bone substance, i.e., the bone tissue, so that a frictional bond and high stability are achieved. Another advantage is that the intermediate spaces lying between the expansion elements are penetrated by the spongy bone substance a
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