Isomerization catalyst and process

Details Isomerization catalyst and process Isomerization catalyst and process

1996-10-10

1998-08-04

Caldarola, Glenn

Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds

Unsaturated compound synthesis

By double-bond-shift isomerization

585670, 502170, 502152, C07C 525, B01J 3114

Patent

active

057896453

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a catalyst mixture and the use of such catalyst mixture in the isomerization of alpha-olefins. More particularly, this invention relates to a novel catalyst mixture prepared by admixing an alkyl aluminum alkoxide and a cobalt salt of an organic carboxylic acid.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Organoaluminum compounds have been previously utilized in the preparation of catalysts such as Ziegler-type catalysts. These catalysts preparations are based on the ability of organoaluminum compounds to act as reducing agents, i.e., reducing a transition metal to the zero valence state, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,113,986.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,959,607 discloses the preparation of aluminum alkyls which contain at least one n-octyl group by subjecting octene-2 to the action of at least a stoichiometric amount of triisobutyl aluminum in the presence of a cobalt chloride catalyst at substantially atmospheric pressure. The catalyst apparently acts as both an isomerization and displacement catalyst in this process. The aluminum alkyls can be oxidized and hydrolyzed to make octanol-1.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,962,513 discloses a process for forming longer chain aluminum alkyls by a catalyzed olefin displacement of ethylene from ethyl aluminum compounds using a 100 to 300 percent stoichiometric excess of C.sub.3 or higher alpha-olefins. The process uses salts and oxides of Group VIII metal as catalysts at temperatures of from about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure. Ethylene is evolved in the reaction.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,623 discloses the control of the increased tendency of the alpha-olefins to isomerize to internal olefins, which tendency is associated with catalytic displacement, by adding inhibitors or catalyst inactivators to the process.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,439,054 discloses a carbonyl catalyst that is useful for both hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds as well as for causing isomerization in such compounds. The catalyst is dissolved as a mixture of transition metal carbonyl and an organoaluminum compound. This patent notes that organoaluminum compounds, such as alkoxides or halides, do not produce an active catalyst when used with the transition metal complex disclosed therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,409,681 discloses a solid Ziegler-type catalyst system for use in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrogen transfer reactions. The catalyst is formed from a transition metal compound in which the metal is selected from Groups I-B to VIII-B of the Periodic Table reduced by trimethylaluminum, dimethylmagnesium, or compounds of the formula Al(CH.sub.3).sub.2 Y wherein Y is halogen, hydrogen, pseudo halogen (such as a CN group), lower alkoxide (such as methoxide and ethoxide) or azide. The use of such methyl-substituted organometallic reducing agents is described as critical for producing a solid catalyst system that can be used in heterogeneous liquid and gas phase reaction systems.


BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention provides a novel catalyst system especially useful for isomerization of alpha-olefins to internal olefins. The catalyst enables such isomerization to proceed at high reaction rates and thereby substantially improve reactor throughput. Also the components used in forming the catalyst are typically proportioned such that if any solids are formed, they are colloidal solids whereby the catalyst behaves as a homogeneous catalyst, i.e., as if fully in solution.
More particularly, it has been found that the combination of an alkyl aluminum alkoxide and a cobalt salt of an organic carboxylic acid or reduced form of such cobalt salt can form a novel, highly active catalyst for use in isomerization alpha-olefins to internal olefins provided that the alkyl aluminum alkoxide has more than 1 but no more than about 2.85 alkoxide groups per aluminum atom. On the other hand, if the alkyl aluminum alkoxide has only 1 alkoxide and 2 alkyl groups per aluminum atom, the combination of such dialkyl aluminum alkoxide with a cobalt salt of an organic car

REFERENCES:
patent: Re32533 (1987-10-01), Trepka et al.
patent: 3409681 (1968-11-01), Kroll
patent: 3412174 (1968-11-01), Kroll
patent: 4493919 (1985-01-01), Durbin et al.
patent: 5545792 (1996-08-01), Cox

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