Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Infrared – visible light – ultraviolet – x-ray or electrical...
Patent
1992-10-30
1995-04-11
Rosenbaum, C. Fred
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray or electrical...
607149, A61N 130
Patent
active
054053170
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a device for delivering an agent transdermally or transmucosally by iontophoresis. More particularly, this invention relates to an electrically powered iontophoretic delivery device having a polymer-based electrode.
BACKGROUND ART
Iontophoresis, according to Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, is defined to be "the introduction, by means of electric current, of ions of soluble salts into the tissues of the body for therapeutic purposes." Iontophoretic devices have been known since the early 1900's. British patent specification No. 410,009 (1934) describes an iontophoretic device which overcame one of the disadvantages of such early devices known to the art at that time, namely the requirement of a special low tension (low voltage) source of current which meant that the patient needed to be immobilized near such source. The device of that British specification was made by forming a galvanic cell from the electrodes and the material containing the medicament or drug to be delivered transdermally. The galvanic cell produced the current necessary for iontophoretically delivering the medicament. This ambulatory device thus permitted iontophoretic drug-delivery with substantially less interference with the patient's daily activities.
More recently, a number of United States patents have issued in the iontophoresis field, indicating a renewed interest in this mode of drug delivery. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,755 issued to Vernon et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,141,359 issued to JaCobsen et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,545 issued to Wilson; and as U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,878 issued to Jacobsen disclose examples of iontophoretic devices and some applications thereof. The iontophoresis process has been found to be useful in the transdermal administration of medicaments or drugs including lidocaine hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, fluoride, penicillin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, insulin and many other drugs. Perhaps the most common use of iontophoresis is in diagnosing cystic fibrosis by delivering pilocarpine salts iontophoretically. The pilocarpine stimulates sweat production; the sweat collected and analyzed for its chloride content to detect the presence of the disease.
In presently known iontophoretic devices, at least two electrodes are used. Both of these electrodes are disposed so as to be in intimate electrical contact with some portion of the skin of the body. One electrode, called the active or donor electrode, is the electrode from which the ionic substance, medicament, drug precursor or drug is delivered into the body by iontophoresis. The other electrode, called the counter or return electrode, serves to close the electrical circuit through the body. In conjunction with the patient's skin contacted by the electrodes, the circuit is completed by connection of the electrodes to a source of electrical energy, e.g., a battery. For example, if the ionic substance to be delivered into the body is positively charged (i.e., a cation), then the anode will be the active electrode and the cathode will serve to complete the circuit. If the ionic substance to be delivered is negatively charged (i.e., an anion), then the cathode will be the active electrode and the anode will be the counter electrode.
Alternatively, both the anode and cathode may be used to deliver drugs of opposite charge into the body. In such a case, both electrodes are considered to be active or donor electrodes. For example, the anode can deliver a positively charged ionic substance into the body while the cathode can deliver a negatively charged ionic substance into the body.
It is also known that iontophoretic delivery devices can be used to deliver an uncharged drug or agent into the body. This is accomplished by a process called electroosmosis. Electroosmosis is the transdermal flux of a liquid solvent (e.g., the liquid solvent containing the uncharged drug or agent) which is induced by the presence of an electric field imposed across the skin by the donor electrode. As used herein, the terms "ionto
REFERENCES:
patent: 3976055 (1976-08-01), Monter et al.
patent: 3991755 (1976-11-01), Vernon et al.
patent: 4141359 (1979-02-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4250878 (1981-02-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4367745 (1983-01-01), Welage
patent: 4383529 (1983-05-01), Webster
patent: 4398545 (1983-08-01), Wilson
patent: 4474570 (1984-10-01), Ariura et al.
patent: 4640689 (1987-02-01), Sibalis
patent: 4702732 (1987-10-01), Powers et al.
patent: 4731049 (1988-03-01), Parsi
patent: 4744787 (1988-05-01), Phipps et al.
patent: 4747819 (1988-05-01), Phipps et al.
patent: 4752285 (1988-06-01), Petelenz et al.
patent: 4764164 (1988-08-01), Sasaki
patent: 4842577 (1989-06-01), Konno et al.
patent: 4846185 (1989-07-01), Carim
patent: 4927408 (1990-05-01), Haak et al.
patent: 4940456 (1990-07-01), Sibalis et al.
patent: 5080646 (1992-01-01), Gyory et al.
patent: 5084006 (1992-01-01), Lew et al.
patent: 5087242 (1992-02-01), Petelenz et al.
patent: 5147297 (1992-09-01), Myers et al.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physcis, 57th Ed., (1976-1977) pp. D141-D146, "Electrochemical Series," Table I, compiled by J. F. Hunsberger.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 67th Ed., (1986-1987) pp. D151-D158, "Electrochemical Series," Table I, by Petr Vansek.
Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictonary, 23rd Ed., p. 362.
Gyory J. Richard
Landrau Felix A.
Myers Robert M.
Stahl Mark G.
ALZA Corporation
Mandell Edward L.
Miller D. Byron
Rafa Michael
Rosenbaum C. Fred
LandOfFree
Iontophoretic delivery device does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Iontophoretic delivery device, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Iontophoretic delivery device will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1535196