Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products
Patent
1983-11-15
1986-12-30
Kaplan, G. L.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
204416, 204419, 204420, G01N 2736, G01N 2746
Patent
active
046327320
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to an ion selective electrode device. In particular, the invention relates to the use of a solid material which is conductive for certain metal ions and for electrons and which comprises an intercalation electrode for the metal ions in question in an ion selective electrode device as a contact material between an electrical connection and an ion selective element comprising the metal ions, the said ion selective electrode showing selectivity towards hydrogen ions or other ions, which differ from the said metal ions.
BACKGROUND ART
The use of solid contact materials in ion selective electrode devices between an ion selective membrane and an inner reference electrode is well known and literature covering this topic is comprehensive. For example, the specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,117,596 and 3,853,731, respectively, and the specification of DE patent application No. 2220841 laid open to public inspection deal with solid contact materials. The measuring electrode devices described are disadvantageous therein that the electrochemical processes which take place in the contact material are not as effective and well-controlled as necessary to ensure stable measurement results.
Solid lithium-containing contact materials have been employed in pH electrode devices having a pH sensitive membrane of lithium containing glass. These electrode devices are disclosed in the specification of SU Pat. No. 759943 (Shul'ts) and in connection with a study concerning the stability of ion selective measuring electrode devices in Shul'ts M. M.: Journal of Applied Chemistry of the USSR, 52 (11), 2354 (1980).
Previously, intercalation electrodes have been used for other electrochemical purposes, e.g. in electrical batteries and in electrochemical measuring electrode devices of another type than the measuring electrode device according to the present invention.
The use of the materials in electrical batteries is i.a. disclosed in Whittingham M. S.: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 123 (3), 315 (1976) and in Murphy D. W., Christian P. A.: Science 205 (4407), 651 (1971).
As far as the group of intercalation materials characterized as bronzes is concerned, the use of solid materials functioning as intercalation electrodes in measuring or reference electrode devices is i.a. disclosed in the specifications of the patents indicated below: further publications relating to the same topic are the following: Elementov, Sverdlovsk, p. 47-49 (1980) (1974) (1974) 243 (1967)
It is a common feature of the electrode devices disclosed in above-mentioned publications and comprising bronze intercalation compounds that they are used as reference electrodes or that the bronze intercalation compound per se is the measuring electrode, the electrode potential being determined by a redox process involving the bronze intercalation compound and the ion to be measured by the electrode device.
The above-mentioned electrode devices are rather unsuitable for pH-determination, cf. Wechter, Anal. Chem. 44 851 (1972) stating that the electrode devices disclosed are not useful in the direct determination of pH, this statement being based on comparison experiments showing a better linearity for glass electrodes than for bronze electrodes. Moreover, electrode devices based on bronze intercalation compounds as the sensitive material are unsuitable for some applications, these compounds being unstable on contact with aqueous solutions.
The use of bronze intercalation compounds intercalating the type of ions for which the activity is to be measured in ion selective electrode devices apart from pH electrodes is disclosed in the specification of DE patent application No. 2538739 laid open to public inspection. In the said specification an embodiment having a .beta.-alumina membrane between the sample and the bronze intercalation electrode has been disclosed. However, the relationship between this membrane and the selectivity of the electrode device is not clearly disclosed.
The object of the invention is to provide ion sele
REFERENCES:
patent: 3825482 (1974-07-01), Wechter et al.
patent: 3853731 (1974-12-01), Gray et al.
patent: 3856634 (1974-12-01), Hahn et al.
patent: 4111777 (1978-09-01), Dobson et al.
Atlung Sven H. K.
Fog Agner
Kaplan G. L.
Radiometer A/S
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