Communications: electrical – Condition responsive indicating system – With particular system function
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-10
2001-11-13
Lee, Benjamin C. (Department: 2632)
Communications: electrical
Condition responsive indicating system
With particular system function
C340S541000, C340S552000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06317040
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a intruder detecting method and an apparatus for detecting a intruder invading an detection area defined in, for example, a window, entrance or apron region in front of one or more wall-mounted paintings.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the practice of a method of detecting and alarming intruder or approach into an detection area of a human body such as that of an invader through a window, entrance or fence of a dwelling house or warehouse or through a wall of the warehouse likely to be invaded by boring the wall, or that of a person approaching valuable paintings, it has been known to use a magnet switch, an infrared beam sensor used outdoors, or a passive type infrared (PIR) sensor used indoors adjacent the window.
FIG. 16
illustrates one of exemplary methods of detecting the intruder with the use of a magnet switch. In this example, of a magnet
52
and a reed switch
53
both constituting a magnet switch
51
, the magnet
52
is fitted fixedly to a movable member such as a window
55
or a door
56
of, for example, a house
54
while the reed switch
53
is fitted fixedly to a stationary member such as a window sash or a door sash. This intruder detecting method makes use of closure or opening of the reed switch
53
that is brought about by increase or decrease of the spacing between the magnet
52
and the reed switch
53
in response to selective opening or closing of the window
55
or the door
56
, respectively.
FIG. 17
illustrates one of exemplary methods of detecting the intruder with the use of the active infrared beam sensor. In this example, a light emitter
59
and a light receiver
60
altogether constituting the infrared beam sensor
58
are so installed at opposite ends of an outdoor side of a house
54
so as to allow a near infrared beam
57
, emitted from the light emitter
59
, to traverse in front of a window
55
and a door
56
, wherefore when the near infrared beam
57
is intercepted by a intruder, the light receiver
56
can generate a detection signal. The infrared beam sensor
58
is featured in that a long distance monitoring is easy to achieve and in that it is hardly affected with change in ambient temperature, and is, therefore, often used for detection outdoors.
FIG. 18
illustrates one of exemplary methods of detecting the with the use of the PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. In this example, the PIR sensor
61
is so configured and so installed inside a house
54
as to allow a single finger-like detection area
62
to traverse inwardly of a window
55
and a door
56
of the house
54
, so that far infrared rays of light emitted by a intruder traversing the detection area
62
can be detected by the PIR sensor
61
. Since the PIR sensor
62
is a sensor utilizing the principle of detection of a intruder in terms of change in temperature within the detection area, it is often used indoors to avoid any possible erroneous operation which would be triggered by an outdoor source of heat such as, for example, sunlight or automobiles.
FIG. 19
illustrates another example of the methods of detecting the intruder with the use of the PIR sensor. In this example shown in
FIG. 19
, the PIR sensor
61
A is so configured and so installed inside a house
54
so that an area inwardly of a wall of the house
54
including a window
55
and a door
56
can be covered by a curtain-shaped detection area
63
that extends in a fashion similar to a curtain continuously in both vertical and horizontal directions, wherefore far infrared rays of light emitted by a intruder traversing the curtain-shaped detection area
63
can be detected by the PIR sensor
61
A.
FIG. 20
illustrates a further example of the methods of detecting the intruder with the use of the PIR sensor. In this example, the PIR sensor
61
B is so configured and so installed inside a house
54
that an area inwardly of a wall of the house
54
including a window
55
and a door
56
can be covered by a plurality of finger-like alert bands developing in a multi-staged pattern in a vertical direction to form a semi-curtain-shaped detection area
64
having a coverage generally equal to that of the curtain-shaped detection area
63
, shown in
FIG. 19
, wherefore infra infrared rays of light emitted by a intruder traversing the semi-curtain-shaped detection area
64
can be detected by the PIR sensor
61
B.
In the intruder detecting method using the magnet switch
51
as shown in
FIG. 16
, no intruder can be detected unless the spacing between the movable member such as the window
55
or the door
56
and the stationary member varies. Accordingly, no intruder can be detected in the event that a intruder cuts, for example, a windowpane of the window
55
to form a hole at a location remote from the site of installation of the magnet and then invades the house
54
through the hole in the windowpane. Also, with this intruder detecting method, the magnet switch
51
is required and must be installed for each of the windows
55
and the doors
56
and, therefore, if the house
54
or any other building has relatively many windows
55
and doors
56
, complicated and time-consuming electric wiring is required, resulting in increase of the const for installation of the intruder detecting system.
In the intruder detecting method using the active infrared beam sensor
58
as shown in
FIG. 17
wherein the near infrared beam
57
traverses in front of the window
55
and the door
56
, the use of the single infrared beam sensor
58
is sufficient even where the house
54
has pluralities of windows
55
and doors
56
and, therefore, as compared with the method in which the magnet switches
51
are used, the labor required for installation of the requisite electric wiring can be considerably reduced. However, this method shown in
FIG. 17
requires the near infrared beam
57
to extend linearly in front of the window
55
and the door
56
, the use of the light emitter
59
for emitting the near infrared beam
57
and the light receiver
60
for receiving the near infrared beam
57
requires an accurate adjustment of the optical axis to allow the light emitter
59
and the light receiver
60
to be optically aligned with each other. Therefore, if the light emitter
59
and the light receiver
60
are spaced a substantial distance from each other, two attendant worker would be required to accomplish the requisite optical alignment adjustment, resulting in time-consuming and cumbersome labor.
Also, since in the case of this intruder detecting method, the detection area extends substantially in a line, the possibility exists in which if a intruder can locate the position at which the near infrared beam
57
travels across the window
55
, the intruder will find no difficulty managing to intrude into the house through the window
55
without intercepting the near infrared beam
57
particularly where the window
55
is relatively large. To avoid this possibility and, hence, in order for this intruder detecting method to work effectively, the use of a plurality of parallel near infrared beams
57
in a staged fashion would be essential and, in such case, the number of jobs to be repeatedly performed for the optical alignment adjustment will consequently increase, resulting in a further increase of the amount of labor required.
The intruder detecting method employing the PIR sensor
61
,
61
A or
61
B shown in
FIGS. 18
,
19
or
20
requires the PIR sensor
61
,
61
A or
61
B to be merely installed at one side leftwards or rightwards of the opening and does not require a job to be performed for the optical alignment adjustment discussed above and, therefore, installation is easy and simple to accomplish. However, this intruder detecting method works to provide the intruder detection signal indicative of an unauthorized entry into the house only when and after a intruder has entered the house. Accordingly, this intruder detecting method is ineffective in that it can no way satisfy the user's requirement
Lee Benjamin C.
Optex Co. Ltd.
Price and Gess
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