Intravenous cannula assembly

Details Intravenous cannula assembly Intravenous cannula assembly

1995-09-05

1998-01-06

Rimell, Sam

Surgery

Means for introducing or removing material from body for...

Treating material introduced into or removed from body...

604198, 604167, A61M 500

Patent

active

057049190

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an intravenous cannula assembly, and particularly to an assembly which includes a cannula and a guide needle which is used for piercing the subject's skin and for guiding the cannula through the so-formed opening in the skin, after which the guide needle is withdrawn. The cannula so inserted into the subject's skin is then used for draining fluid or for introducing a medication. The invention is particularly directed to an intravenous cannula assembly which provides protection for healthcare personnel from inadvertent contact with the end of the guide needle after it has been contaminated by the subject's blood.


BACKGROUND ART

According to current practise, venous access for draining fluid or for introducing a medication is generally established as follows: A plastic cannula, e.g., of Teflon (Reg..TM.) or polyurethane, containing a hollow, metal guide-needle, is inserted into the subject's vein. Once blood flow through the needle is observed, the needle is withdrawn while holding the cannula inside the vein. The needle is then discarded while preventing blood outflow from the cannula, and a connection is made from the cannula to the intravenous set.
Once the needle has pierced the subject's skin, it becomes contaminated with the subject's blood, and therefore there is a danger of infecting healthcare personnel subsequently coming in contact with the needle. This danger is particularly real because of the many simultaneous operations involved in intravenous infusion and in emergency situations which may arise and which may prevent careful attention to the safety of the healthcare personnel. This danger can also be health-threatening because of the possibility of contracting AIDS in this manner.
Many types of protective devices have been developed to reduce the danger, but none of the devices which are now commercially available is entirely satisfactory. For example, some of the cannula assemblies developed for this purpose hamper or substantially change the common practise of establishing venous access for intravenous infusion. Others do not provide automatic protection, but rather necessitate a special needle protection step which may often be sidestepped. Still others require cannula assemblies which are substantially larger than the products used in the current practise.
For example, one commercially-available product includes a cover which covers the needle before it is inserted and which is subsequently removed and then used to protect the extracted needle. However, this product substantially changes the common procedure for establishing venous access, and moreover it is not automatic but rather requires the operator to take a special protection step, namely to reapply the cover to the extracted needle. In addition, the product is long and cumbersome.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,955,866 describes a protective cover tethered to a needle, the cover being applied to the needle tip after it has pierced the skin. However, this device also requires special attention of the user; moreover, it protects only the needle tip from contact and not the remainder of the needle which may also be contaminated.
Another product, described in U.S. Pat. No 4,832,696, includes a cylinder which receives the needle after its removal. However, this device is substantially larger than the current products, its length by necessity being more than twice the length of the needle, which makes it large and cumbersome to use.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,083 describes another device, in the form of a syringe, with a needle protected by a telescoping mechanism. However, in this device the mechanism must be manually contracted before use, and manually extended after use. Such a non-automatic operation is highly inefficient and undesirable.
An object of the present invention is to provide an intravenous cannula assembly having advantages in the above respects.


DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, there is provided an intravenous cannula assembly, comprising a cannula having a dis

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