Boot and shoe making – Lasting-fastener removing machines
Reexamination Certificate
2003-08-15
2004-11-02
Kwon, John T. (Department: 3747)
Boot and shoe making
Lasting-fastener removing machines
C123S299000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06810546
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to improvements in internal combustion engines, and more particularly to improvements in control of combustion gas flow into and in combustion chambers as well as control of injected fuel flow into combustion chambers, and exhaust flow from such chambers.
There is need for such improvements in combustible gas flow within combustion chambers, for example to obtain better efficiency, greater power output, and smoother running of engines and reduced emissions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a major object of the invention to provide such improvements, as referred to.
Basically, the invention is embodied in an improved internal combustion engine that has multiple cylinders, each cylinder defining a cylinder wall, and having a cylinder head, there being a piston movable axially within each cylinder to define a combustion zone between the piston top and the cylinder head. In this combination, the invention provides:
a) two and only two air intake ports in the head, and two valves movable to control those ports,
b) one and only one exhaust port in the head, and a third valve movable to control the exhaust port,
c) and first and second fuel injector receiving ports in the head, the first located generally between one air intake port and the exhaust port, and the second located generally between the other air intake port and the exhaust port.
As will be seen, providing three valves (two air intake valves one exhaust valve) at each cylinder, and two fuel injectors at each cylinder, in the configuration as will be described, provides a number of unusual advantages. These include enablement in a diesel engine, of a leaner air/fuel mixture, retarded fuel injection to result in more heat supply to the converter which lowers emissions; more rapid heating of the converter up to operating temperature; more efficient clean-up of emissions in the combustion chamber; injected fuel reduced travel distance within the cylinder due to use of two injectors and their positioning in relation to the air intake valves and the one exhaust valve; lessened engine noise production; and increased engine produced acceleration.
With twin fuel injectors, the fuel is injected so that the burning fuel zones will meet at the center of the bore and meet at the back walls forcing the compressed air to mix with the burning fuel. Fuel injection can be controllably retarded to gain horsepower and acceleration, and also reducing emissions under heavy load.
With two injectors, the distance the burning fuel travels is about 75 percent less than with a single injector. This enables retarding of injection timing and allows more fuel to be added. This in turn produces more torque and horsepower along with a much cleaner running engine, at a lower RPM.
Insofar as the structure of the engine is concerned, it is a further object to provide an exhaust valve location approximately equally spaced from the two air intake ports, the diameters of the two air intake ports and of the exhaust port each exceeding one-half the radius of the cylinder bore. Typically, the two fuel injector ports are located at opposite sides of an axial radial plane bisecting a space formed between the two air intake ports. That plane may typically also bisect the exhaust port; and the two fuel injector ports may be equally spaced from and at opposite sides of that plane.
Another object includes provision of air intake ducts extending in generally parallel relation toward the two air intake ports, and an exhaust duct extending away from the exhaust port, as well as away from said air intake ducts.
A yet further object includes provision of a cylinder head having a parabolic inner re-entrant surface intersecting all of the five described ports; the piston may likewise have a parabolic re-entrant upper surface facing the head parabolic inner surfaces, whereby the flowing combustible mixture is directed generally axially in the combustion zone by both the head and piston for rapid impact and improved mixing of air and fuel mixture components.
An additional object is to provide a pressurized fuel container, and substantially equal length fuel supply lines extending from said container to said injectors. As will be seen, such dual equal length pressurized fuel line's may be provided to the injectors at each cylinder, and the cylinders may be arranged in one or two rows, with the container or containers extending parallel to such rows. If two containers or “rails” are provided, pressure equalization lines maybe extended between the fuel containers, as in a looping system.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following specification and drawings, in which:
REFERENCES:
patent: 4140088 (1979-02-01), de Vulpillieres
patent: 4240381 (1980-12-01), Lowther
patent: 4414940 (1983-11-01), Loyd
patent: 5115776 (1992-05-01), Ohno et al.
patent: 6502540 (2003-01-01), Smith
Haefliger William W.
Kwon John T.
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