Power plants – Internal combustion engine with treatment or handling of... – Pulsed – timed – tuned or resonating exhaust
Patent
1994-08-11
1997-01-21
McMahon, Marguerite
Power plants
Internal combustion engine with treatment or handling of...
Pulsed, timed, tuned or resonating exhaust
12318453, F02B 2700, F02B 2704, F02M 3510, F01N 708
Patent
active
055950620
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an intake and exhaust system principally for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines.
Natural laws of flow dynamics govern the Volumetric Efficiency (VE) of any engine at a particular RPM. Intake manifold efficiency, valve and port size, camshaft valve timing and exhaust manifold configurations are a few of the more readily identifiable factors affecting VE. However there is a "ram" effect inherent in all engines that helps improve VE, in the same way a supercharger increases horsepower.
The object of this invention is to provide improvements in three major factors being the intake system, exhaust system and camshaft valve timing ultimately to function as a unit which may be referred to as the Inertia-Supercharging & Superscavenging Process (ISSP) system.
The concept of the ISSP system is to produce over the entire RPM range of any engine a substantially greater than conventional amount of atmospheric pressure differential within the cylinders through both ISSP intake and exhaust systems. The above causes the outside atmospheric pressure through the ISSP intake system to force a substantially greater than conventional amount of air mass into the substantially lower than conventional cylinder pressures on the intake and compression strokes, thereby producing higher than conventional cylinder pressures on the combustion stroke. The latter facilitates forcing of a substantially greater than conventional amount of gas column flow through a self extracting ISSP exhaust system, which in turn produces a lower than conventional pressure environment behind the gas column flow thus contributing to producing substantially lower than conventional cylinder pressures on the exhaust stroke. In this manner cylinder pressures are lowered even further for the next intake stroke cycle. By using the aspects of the present invention independently or in combination, it is possible to substantially increase Volumetric Efficiency and to torque levels and substantially reduce fuel consumption over substantially the entire RPM range of any engine. The invention this provides an alternative to previous conventional systems designed to produce performance with economy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder in which a piston of diameter D is mounted for reciprocal motion of a predetermined stroke length S, and intake and exhaust ports having manifold tubes connected to each port; wherein at least one of the manifold tubes includes a series of pipes each having a constant cross-section and the constant cross-section of each pipe in the series is incrementally greater than that of the adjacent pipe closer to the port; and the diameter of MW of the pipe nearest the port is given by an equation of the general form ##EQU2## where: RPM is the peak revolutions per minute; ft/sec; and 550-950 ft/sec. connected to the adjacent pipe by a tapered portion having an axial length T, an entry cross-sectional area E at an entry end, and an exit cross-sectional area MW, wherein T and E are given by: ##EQU3## where .chi. is the intake gas velocity at the intake valve.
The reciprocating piston internal combustion engine may further comprise a plenum chamber device upstream of and fluid coupled with the intake port, and having an intake manifold to which an air throttle device is attachable. Optionally, the engine has at least two intake ports and the plenum chamber device is divided into two similar chambers. Optionally, the plenum chamber device is divided by a plate to form the similar chambers and includes at least one balancing hole between the two chambers, the hole being central of the plate and having a diameter B determined by: ##EQU4## where: OP is the opening point of the intake valve in degrees designated positive before top dead center and negative after top dead center; center; 0.degree. for 4 cylinder engines; and valve lift.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, t
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