Internal combustion engine having air/fuel mixture with anti-red

Details Internal combustion engine having air/fuel mixture with anti-red Internal combustion engine having air/fuel mixture with anti-red

1987-09-08

1989-05-30

Wolfe, Willis R.

Internal-combustion engines

Charge forming device

Heating of combustible mixture

501139, 123557, F02M 3112

Patent

active

048340529

ABSTRACT:
Anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance comprises a barium titanate composition, and a flux containing 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO.sub.2 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO.sub.2 per 100 parts by weight of the barium titanate composition. It has a high positive temperature coefficient of resistance which does not show any appreciable change in the presence of a reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen gas or gasified gasoline. It need not be isolated from a reducing atmosphere by a plastic or metallic enclosure, but can be exposed thereto. The flux may further contain a zinc, potassium or lithium compound.

REFERENCES:
patent: 3586642 (1971-06-01), Matsuo et al.
patent: 3975307 (1976-08-01), Matsuo et al.
patent: 4571481 (1986-02-01), Leary
patent: 4593670 (1986-06-01), Nara et al.
H. Niwa et al., "Development of PTC Element", JSAE Review, Aug. 1985, pp. 95-98.
T. Matsuoka et al., "PTCR Behavior of BaTiO.sub.3 with Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 and MnO.sub.2 Additives", Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 55, No. 2, Feb. 1972, p. 108.
O. Saburi, "Semiconducting Bodies in the Family of Barium Titanates", Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 44, No. 2, Feb. 1961, pp. 54-63.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 95, No. 5, Sep. 1981, p. 612, abstract No. 90037f, Columbus, Ohio.
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, vol. 47, No. 3, Mar. 1968, pp. 292-297, Columbus, Ohio.

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