Internal combustion engine and method of operating it

Internal-combustion engines – Intake manifold – Manifold tuning – balancing or pressure regulating means

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Details

123 9015, 123117A, 123119A, 123122AB, 123139HW, 123179G, 60286, 60298, F02M 700, F02M 2506, F02P 504, F02M 3100

Patent

active

041178130

ABSTRACT:
An internal combustion engine and means to operate the same to produce minimal quantities and concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). The engine is operated with a lean air/fuel mixture at both low and high load conditions, thereby minimizing said emissions. Low load operation on lean mixtures is made possible by means and methods for maintaining at a suitably low numerical value the residual fraction which is defined as the ratio of gases in a cylinder from a previous cycle and the total gases in the cylinder for the next cycle (said gases from a previous cycle plus new mixture). Said means may comprise apparatus to shorten the duration of intake and exhaust valve overlap, or of opening the engine throttle wider than normal and retarding the ignition to reduce the engine speed at low loads. Means is preferably provided wherein the fuel in the air/fuel mixture is well-vaporized and the mixture is uniform and homogeneous. Some of such means may comprise vaporizing means whereby fuel film adherent to the wall of the engine's induction means is vaporized by heat, or is collected and discharged into the air stream.

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patent: 3867487 (1975-02-01), Matsumoto

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