Internal-combustion engines – Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series – Vaporizing in precombustion chamber
Patent
1998-04-20
1999-12-21
Argenbright, Tony M.
Internal-combustion engines
Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series
Vaporizing in precombustion chamber
123262, 123269, 123276, 123 64, F02B 7502, F02B 1906
Patent
active
060034874
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine.
A "segregating engine" is an engine where the fuel does not begin to mix with the bulk of the air inducted by the engine until near the end of the compression stroke, just before ignition, and various internal combustion engines which can be classified as segregating engines are known, for example from GB-A-2155546, GB-A-2186913, GB-A-2218153, GB-A-2238830, GB-A-2246394, GB-A-2261028, GB-A-2268544 and GB-A-2279407. Those engines are now known in the literature as the Merritt engines.
The diesel engine is also a segregating engine whereas the spark ignition gasoline engine (SIGE) compresses a pre-mixed mixture of fuel and air.
An important characteristic of segregating engines such as the diesel and Merritt engines is the confinement of most of the fuel, away from most of the air, until just before the moment of ignition, and the rapid delivery of the fuel into the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
The Merritt engines use what is referred to as the Merritt combustion management system (MCC) which represents a sequence of processes designed to promote combustion in a reciprocating combustion engine. In this respect it is similar to the other generic combustion management systems, such as diesel and Otto, or SIGE. MCC can be operated by a number of devices which are described in the earlier patent specifications mentioned above. MCC is characterised by the segregation of at least part of the fuel supplied to the engine in a second, smaller cylinder containing some air having a smaller piston, and the introduction of the fuel into the smaller cylinder during the exhaust and/or induction and/or compression strokes of the larger piston. The fuel remains segregated from the bulk of the air until ingression occurs, near the end of the compression strokes of both pistons. This arrangement allows the fuel appreciable time to vaporise in some air (which may include products of combustion of the previous cycle) before combustion starts, in contrast with the diesel segregating engine where liquid fuel is first injected into air just before the moment of ignition. In the MCC system the smaller cylinder is used as a vaporising cylinder and the smaller piston is used as a fuel transfer piston. Hence the smaller cylinder can be referred to as the fuel management cylinder. The larger cylinder receives the air, unthrottled and without fuel, and the larger piston is used to compress the air.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved internal combustion engine.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising: a larger swept volume than said second cylinder; said second piston has a drive stem and divides said second cylinder into a first volume containing said drive stem of said second piston and a second volume between said two pistons; pistons are substantially at their inner dead centre positions, said combustion space comprising said second volume; fuel/air mixture from said first volume into said second volume until towards the end of the compression stroke of said second piston; the second cylinder; cylinders having an aperture for directing a jet of said gas flow in a preset direction; centre of the said crown when said second piston is at the top of its stroke, thereby to induce a toroidal gas flow, the core of which is formed by said jet of said gas flow.
Advantageously, said second piston has at least one vane on its crown to direct gas impinging on said crown in a direction about the axis of said second cylinder and thereby to cause rotation of said toroidal gas flow.
Preferably the restriction is a partition between the first and second cylinders, the partition having an aperture for directing the jet of gas flow in a preset direction.
In a preferred form of the invention the aperture directs the jet of gas flow in a direction to impinge on the crown of the second piston. The aperture conveniently extends in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of t
REFERENCES:
patent: 2937630 (1960-09-01), Norton
patent: 4104995 (1978-08-01), Steinbock
patent: 4898126 (1990-02-01), Merritt
patent: 5560326 (1996-10-01), Merritt
Argenbright Tony M.
Castro Arnold
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