Internal-combustion engines – Means to whirl fluid before – upon – or after entry into... – Having multiple oxidant inlet means
Patent
1983-01-21
1985-12-17
Lazarus, Ronald H.
Internal-combustion engines
Means to whirl fluid before, upon, or after entry into...
Having multiple oxidant inlet means
123432, 60604, F02B 1700, F02B 2900, F02B 3100, F02F 142
Patent
active
045586705
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to internal combustion engines, especially, but not exclusively, to four stroke spark ignition engines.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,495 discloses an internal combustion engine in which there are stratified charges of fuel-rich mixture and fuel-lean mixture (or air). The fuel-lean or air mixture is admitted to the cylinder so as to circulate about the cylinder walls and so concentrate the fuel rich mixture in a central core in the combustion chamber. The air-rich mixture is arranged to remain unmixed with the air so that concentrated fuel-rich mixture is located adjacent to the spark plug whereby reliable ignition takes place.
It has now been found that substantial advantages can be obtained if the air is admitted to the cylinder during the exhaust stroke rather than during the induction stroke.
The main advantage to be obtained is that the engine can maintain the charges stratified even at relatively low throttle settings which is a substantial advantage since reliable ignition at low throttle settings has always been a problem with internal combustion engines. Secondly, the circulating air can be used to cool the exhaust valve and this reduces wear and further reduces the production of oxides of nitrogen.
In this specification, reference is made to the introduction of air to circulate about the cylinder walls but it is to be understood that any inert gas could be used. It would be possible to use a lean air-fuel mixture, but air is preferred.
According to the present invention there is provided an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder, a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, a cylinder head having a combustion chamber formed therein, an inlet port for admission of air-fuel mixture, an exhaust port for egression of combustion products, inlet valve means for opening and closing said inlet port, an exhaust valve means for opening and closing said exhaust port, timing means for controlling said inlet and exhaust valve means, characterized by the provision of air inlet means for admitting a tangential stream of air adjacent to the cylinder when said exhaust valve means is open.
The invention also provides a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, said engine having at least one cylinder and a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, said head having a combustion chamber formed therein, an inlet port for admission of air-fuel mixture, an exhaust port for egression of combustion products, an inlet valve for opening and closing said inlet port, an exhaust valve for opening and closing said exhaust port, timing means for controlling said inlet and exhaust ports, characterized by the provision of air inlet means for admitting a tangential stream of air adjacent to the side walls of the combustion chamber when said exhaust valve is open.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an axial cross section through a four stroke engine embodying the invention,
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 2--2,
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is a view into the combustion chamber of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 5 is a view looking into the head from beneath a modified arrangement of the invention, and
FIG. 6 is a schematic axial cross-section through a two valve four stroke engine having air inlet ducts formed in the cylinder wall.
FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate one cylinder of a four stroke engine which may have in practice included any number of identical cylinders. The engine includes a cylinder block 1 formed with a cylinder 2 within which a piston (not shown) is reciprocally mounted. A cylinder head 3 is mounted on top of the cylinder block and includes inlet and exhaust ports 8 and 40 for each cylinder. Inlet and exhaust valves 10 and 42 are provided for opening and closing the ports 8 and 40 and timing means (not shown) of conventional construction can be provided for opening the valves in the correct sequence.
The inlet port 8 is connected to
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