Internal-combustion engines – Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series – Having combustible mixture forming means
Patent
1982-05-12
1985-02-05
Lazarus, Ira S.
Internal-combustion engines
Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series
Having combustible mixture forming means
123279, F02B 2306
Patent
active
044973098
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to engine-building, and more particularly, to internal combustion engines.
The present invention can be most advantageously used in supercharged diesel engines with the cylinder bore up to 145 mm.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Internal combustion engines can operate with a low fuel consumption and no-smoke exhaust only in case of an effective mixing, i.e. an effective formation of the combustible fuel-air mixture. In order to intensify the process of evaporation and mixture formation of the fuel injected into the cylinder use is made of the vortex movement of the air charge with respect to the combustion chamber walls.
Most widely used for mixture formation is a vortex movement of the air charge, directed tangentially with respect to the lateral sides of the combustion chamber and produced by a device provided in the inlet member, during the suction process. The tangential vortex movement of the air charge makes it possible to organize a stable mixture formation as well as a uniform concentration of fuel vapours throughout the combustion chamber volume in case of a non-uniform distribution of fuel sprays by the injection nozzle in combustion chamber volume. This contributes to the wide application of the tangential movement of the air-charge in small-size engines with two-valve cylinder heads and, consequently, with injection nozzles displaced from the cylinder axis.
A typical engine wherein a tangential movement of the air charge is used for mixture formation, is a diesel engine according to the British Pat. No. 1,167,015 published Oct. 15, 1969. The engine comprises a combustion chamber provided in a piston, the centre of the combustion chamber coinciding with or being disposed near the axis of the cylinder. The combustion chamber is so arranged that when the piston is in the top dead centre position at the end of the compression stroke, almost all of the combustion air is disposed in the chamber. Means are provided for producing, during the suction stroke, the rotational movement of the combustion air in a vortex around the axis of the combustion chamber. The injection nozzle is displaced from the axis of the chamber and has at least two discharge openings, or fuel spray outlets, spaced above the maximum diameter of the combustion chamber, with the piston in the top dead centre position. The injection nozzle discharges fuel sprays of different lengths, the sprays being directed toward the cylinder axis, and extending substantially transversely to the vortex in the combustion chamber and not spraying over the edge of the combustion chamber opening. A part of the injected fuel strikes against the combustion chamber wall surface and a part of the injected fuel is distributed in the combustion air of the combustion chamber. One of the fuel sprays, the longest one, is directed towards the combustion chamber side wall and initiates the ignition of the fuel, while the other or others have an opposite direction so that they impinge on the combustion chamber side wall where the fuel injection nozzle is arranged at approximately the same height, at which the longest fuel spray hits the middle part of the combustion chamber side wall. In case the injection nozzle has at least three fuel spray outlets, the projections thereof upon the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis are disposed asymmetrically with respect to the diametral plane extending through the axis of the combustion chamber and the injection nozzle axis. If the injection nozzle has only two fuel spray outlets, the axes of the same are situated in the diametral plane extending through the combustion chamber axis and the injection nozzle axis. In said engine the intersection point of the axes of the injection nozzle fuel spray outlets is spaced from the combustion chamber axis at a distance equal to at least one fifth of the maximum diameter of the combustion chamber. Positioning of the injection nozzle eccentrically with respect to the combustion chamber axis in said engine makes it possible to a
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patent: 3954089 (1976-05-01), Hardesty et al.
patent: 4338898 (1982-07-01), Bauder et al.
Ivanchenko et al. "Operation of Diesel Engines with the Chamber in the Piston", Mashinostroenie, pp. 23-25, 29-35.
Glazunov Arkady A.
Gorbunov Evgeny S.
Ivanchenko Nikolai N.
Kataev Evgeny M.
Lazarev Anatoly A.
Bailey R. S.
Lazarus Ira S.
Tsentralny Iauchno-Issledovatelsky Dizelny Institut
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