Internal-combustion engines – Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only – Air entering combustion chamber through plural inlets
Patent
1997-04-18
1999-07-27
Dolinar, Andrew M.
Internal-combustion engines
Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only
Air entering combustion chamber through plural inlets
F02B 306, F02F 142
Patent
active
059272465
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to internal combustion Diesel engines, for motor-vehicles, having a number of cylinders in line, with direct injection.
In particular, the invention relates to an engine of this type having small displacement (in the order of 550 cc. or less, up to 250 cc. for each cylinder), which has vary reduced dimensions and a low fuel consumption.
In engines of this type, there is the need, on one hand, to ensure good performances, low consumption and good reliability of the engine, with the resulting need to provide an efficient cooling of the engine, and on the other hand there is also the need of finding the room for the various intake and exhaust conduits as well as the seats for the injectors and the pre-heating glow-plugs and the channels for the cooling fluid as well as the valve driving device, while keeping the size of the engine as reduced as possible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to solve satisfactorily all the above indicated needs, the present invention provides an engine of the above indicated type, characterized by the combination of the following features: apertures and two exhaust apertures, respectively for receiving two intake valves and two exhaust valves, said apertures being formed by the ends of respective intake and exhaust conduits which are formed in the head and open at their opposite ends on two side longitudinal walls of the head parallel to the longitudinal direction of the head along which the cylinders are arranged, each cylinder have their axes respectively arranged in two planes which are substantially transverse with respect to the longitudinal direction of the head, with the end portion of the conduit opening at each aperture which is directed, at least for one intake aperture and one exhaust aperture, along a direction tangential with respect to the cylinder, cylinder are arranged, in a plan view, at the corners of a trapezium having its bases parallel to said longitudinal side walls of the cylinders head, at the centre of the cylinder, substantially downwardly, each inclined with respect to a vertical direction by an angle not greater than 4.degree., preferably between 2.degree. and 3.degree., downwardly, each inclined with respect to a vertical direction by an angle not greater than 4.degree., preferably between 2.degree. and 3.degree., within the head, by means of rocker arms, portion, arranged so as to direct the flow along a direction substantially tangential with respect to the cylinder, which is arranged along an inclined axis, between the intake aperture and the exhaust aperture which face towards one side of the head.
In a first embodiment, a first intake aperture is arranged at the end of a conduit portion directed tangentially with respect to the cylinder, whereas a second intake aperture is arranged at the end of a scroll-shaped conduit, the second aperture being located downstream of the first aperture with respect to the direction of the flow entering into the cylinder.
In one variant, both the intake apertures are arranged at the end of a conduit portion directed tangentially with respect to the cylinder.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be now described with reference to the annexed drawings, given purely by way of non limiting example, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial plan view of the cylinder head forming part of the engine according to a first embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a view in cross-section taken along line II--II of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a further view in cross-section of a detail of FIG. 1,
FIGS. 4, 5 are views in cross-section taken along lines IV--IV and V--V of FIG. 3,
FIG. 6 is a view in cross-section of another detail of FIG. 1,
FIGS. 7, 8, 9 are cross-sections taken along lines VII--VII, VIII--VIII and IX--IX of FIG. 6, e
FIG. 10 shows a variant of FIG. 1, corresponding to a second embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the case of the example illustrated in the drawings, the engine according to the invention is provided wit
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Calvi Francesco
Occella Sergio
Vafidis Constantinos
C.R.F. Societa Consortile per Azion
Castro Arnold
Dolinar Andrew M.
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