Multiplex communications – Generalized orthogonal or special mathematical techniques – Particular set of orthogonal functions
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-15
2002-03-12
Vu, Huy D. (Department: 2733)
Multiplex communications
Generalized orthogonal or special mathematical techniques
Particular set of orthogonal functions
C370S441000, C370S902000, C375S213000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06356528
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention
The current invention relates to wireless telecommunications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel and improved transmitter design for enhancing the reliability of communications in a wireless communications system.
II. Description of the Related Art
The use of code division multiple access (CDMA) modulation techniques is one of several techniques for facilitating communications in which a large number of system users are present. Other multiple access communication system techniques, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and AM modulation schemes such as amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB) are known in the art. However, the spread spectrum modulation technique of CDMA has significant advantages over these other modulation techniques for multiple access communication systems.
The use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307, entitled “SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS”, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. The use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is further disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,459, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,761, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ORTHOGONAL SPREAD SPECTRUM SEQUENCE GENERATION IN VARIABLE DATA RATE SYSTEMS”, both assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. The use of CDMA searchers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,687, entitled “MOBILE DEMODULATOR ARCHITECTURE FOR A SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM”, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. Code division multiple access communications systems have been standardized in the United States in Telecommunications Industry Association TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, entitled “MOBILE STATION-BASE STATION COMPATIBILITY STANDARD FOR DUAL-MODE WIDEBAND SPREAD SPECTRUM CELLULAR SYSTEM”, hereafter referred to as IS-95 and incorporated by reference herein.
The CDMA waveform, by its inherent nature of being a wideband signal, offers a form of frequency diversity by spreading the signal energy over a wide bandwidth. Therefore, frequency selective fading affects only a small part of the CDMA signal bandwidth. Space or path diversity on the forward or reverse link is obtained by providing multiple signal paths through simultaneous links to or from a mobile user through two or more antennas, cell sectors or cell-sites. Furthermore, path diversity may be obtained by exploiting the multipath environment through spread spectrum processing by allowing a signal arriving with different propagation delays to be received and processed separately. Examples of the utilization of path diversity are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,501 entitled “SOFT HANDOFF IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM”, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,109,390 entitled “DIVERSITY RECEIVER IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM”, both assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
In the CDMA demodulator structure used in some IS-95 systems, the PN chip interval defines the minimum separation two paths must have in order to be combined. Before the distinct paths can be demodulated, the relative arrival times (or offsets) of the paths in the received signal must first be determined. The demodulator performs this function by “searching” through a sequence of offsets and measuring the energy received at each offset. If the energy associated with a potential offset exceeds a certain threshold, a demodulation element, or “finger” may be assigned to that offset. The signal present at that path offset can then be summed with the contributions of other fingers at their respective offsets.
A method and apparatus of finger assignment based on searcher and finger energy levels is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,165, entitled “FINGER ASSIGNMENT IN A SYSTEM CAPABLE OF RECEIVING MULTIPLE SIGNALS”, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. In the exemplary embodiment, the CDMA signals are transmitted in accordance with IS-95. An exemplary embodiment of the circuitry capable of demodulating IS-95 forward link signals is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,687, entitled “MOBILE DEMODULATOR ARCHITECTURE FOR A SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM”, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. An exemplary embodiment of the circuitry capable of demodulating IS-95 reverse link signals is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,979, entitled “CELL SITE DEMODULATOR ARCHITECTURE FOR A SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,” assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
In the exemplary embodiment, the signals are complex PN spread as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/856,428, entitled “REDUCED PEAK TO AVERAGE TRANSMIT POWER HIGH DATA RATE IN A CDMA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,” filed Apr. 9, 1996, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein, and in accordance with the following equations:
I=I′PN
I
+Q′PN
Q
(4)
Q=I′PN
Q
−Q′PN
I
. (5)
where PN
I
and PN
Q
are distinct PN spreading codes and I′ and Q′ are two channels being spread at the transmitter.
The International Telecommunications Union recently requested the submission of proposed methods for providing high rate data and high-quality speech services over wireless communication channels. A first of these proposals was issued by the Telecommunications Industry Association, entitled “The cdma2000 ITU-R RTT Candidate Submission”. A second of these proposals was issued by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), entitled “The ETSI UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) ITU-R RTT Candidate Submission”. And a third proposal was submitted by U.S. TG 8/1 entitled “The UWC-136 Candidate Submission” (referred to herein as EDGE). The contents of these submissions is public record and is well known in the art.
In addition to the aforementioned properties, CDMA's broadband nature permits the demodulation of signals having traversed different propagation paths. In U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,280,472, 5,513,176, 5,553,011, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein, the usage of multiple sets of distributed antennas is employed to deliberately provide multiple paths of propagation. In the just mentioned U.S. Patents, sets of antennas are fed by a common signal with only time delay processing to distinguish signals. The transmit output of the base station is fed to a string of antenna elements for example with a coaxial cable. The antenna elements connect to the cable using power splitters. The resulting signals, amplified and frequency converted as necessary, are fed to the antennas. The salient features of this distributed antenna concept are as follows: (1) simple and inexpensive dual antenna node design; (2) neighboring antennas have time delays inserted in feed structure so signals received and transmitted from neighboring antennas are distinguishable by PN temporal processing; (3) exploitation of direct sequence CDMA's ability to discriminate against multipath; and (4) creation of deliberate multipath that satisfies discrimination criteria.
Antenna transmit diversity as well as multi-carrier transmission are promising new technologies that improve transmission resistance to fading by offering space and/or frequency diversity. In the antenna transmit diversity case for example, the data to be transmitted is encoded into symbols, which are then distributed among the antennas and transmitted.
Many techniques have been proposed for miti
Lundby Stein S.
Saints Keith
Baker Kent D.
Qualcomm Incorporated
Vu Huy D.
Wadsworth Philip
Yafuso Bryon
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