Optics: image projectors – Structurally related projector and screen
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-14
2002-05-28
Dowling, William (Department: 2851)
Optics: image projectors
Structurally related projector and screen
C353S070000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06394609
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to an integrated front projection display system. In particular, the present invention relates to a low-profile integrated front projection system that coordinates specialized projection optics and an integral screen optimized to work in conjunction with the optics to create the best viewing performance and produce the necessary keystone correction.
Electronic or video display systems are devices capable of presenting video or electronically generated images. Whether for use in home-entertainment, advertising, videoconferencing, computing, data-conferencing or group presentations, the demand exists for an appropriate video display device.
Image quality remains a very important factor in choosing a video display device. However, as the need increases for display devices offering a larger picture, factors such as cost and device size and weight are becoming vital considerations. Larger display systems are preferable for group or interactive presentations. The size of the display system cabinet has proven an important factor, particularly for home or office use, where space to place a large housing or cabinet may not be available. Weight of the display system also is an important consideration, especially for portable or wall-mounted presentations.
Currently, the most common video display device is the typical CRT monitor, usually recognized as a television set. CRT devices are relatively inexpensive for applications requiring small to medium size images (image size traditionally is measured along the diagonal dimension of a rectangular screen). However, as image size increases, the massive proportions and weight of large CRT monitors become cumbersome and severely restrict the use and placement of the monitors. Also, screen curvature issues appear as the screen size increases. Finally, large CRT monitors consume a substantial amount of electrical power and produce electromagnetic radiation.
One alternative to conventional CRT monitors is rear projection television. Rear projection television generally comprises a projection mechanism or engine contained within a large housing for projection up on the rear of a screen. Back-projection screens are designed so that the projection mechanism and the viewer are on opposite sides of the screen. The screen has light transmitting properties to direct the transmitted image to the, viewer.
By their very nature, rear projection systems require space behind the screen to accommodate the projection volume needed for expansion of the image beam. As background and ambient reflected light may seriously degrade a rear projected image, a housing or cabinet generally encloses the projection volume. The housing may contain a mirror or mirrors so as to fold the optical path and reduce the depth of the housing. The need for “behind-the-screen” space precludes the placing of a rear projection display on a wall.
A new category of video presentation systems includes so-called thin Plasma displays. Much attention has been given to the ability of plasma displays to provide a relatively thin (about 75-100 nun) cabinet, which may be placed on a wall as a picture display in an integrated compact package. However, at the present time, plasma displays
3
are costly and suffer from the disadvantages of low intensity (approx. 200-400 cd/m
2
range) and difficulty in making repairs. Plasma display panels are heavy (~80-100 lbs., ~36-45 kg.), and walls on which they are placed may require structural strengthening.
A traditional type of video presentation device that has not received the same degree of attention for newer applications is front-projection systems. A front-projection system is one that has the projection mechanism and the viewer are on the same side of the screen. Front projection systems present many different optical and arrangement challenges not present in rear projection systems, as the image is reflected back to the audience, rather than transmitted. An example of front projection systems is the use of portable front projectors and a front projection screen, for use in meeting room settings or in locations such as an airplane cabin.
One of the advantages of front projectors is the size of the projection engine. Electronic front projectors traditionally have been designed for the smallest possible “footprint”, a term used to describe the area occupied on a table or bench, by the projector. Portable front projectors have been devised having a weight of about 10-20 lbs. (~4.5-9 kg.).
Nevertheless, front projection systems have traditionally not been considered attractive for newer interactive applications because of factors such as blocking of the image by the projector or the presenter, poor image brightness, image distortion and setup
2
o difficulties.
Traditional electronic front projectors typically require a room that may afford the projection volume necessary for image expansion without any physical obstructions. Although images may be projected upon a large clear flat surface, such as a wall, better image quality is achieved by the use of a separate screen.
FIGS. 1 and 2
illustrate a traditional front projection system. A projector
10
is placed on a table or other elevated surface to project an image upon a screen or projection surface
20
. Those familiar with the use of electronic projectors will appreciate that tilting the projector below the normal axis of the screen produces a shape distortion of the image, known as a keystone effect. Most new electronic projectors offer a limited degree of keystone correction. However, as may be appreciated in
FIG. 2
, the placement of the projector may still interfere with the line of sight of the audience.
Of greater significance is the fact that to achieve a suitable image size, and also due to focus limitations, the projector
10
requires a certain “projection zone” in front of the screen
20
. Table A lists the published specifications for some common electronic projectors currently in the market.
TABLE A
Smallest
Shortest
Maximum
Projector
Lens Focal
Imager
Screen
Throw
Throw
Keystone
Type
Length
Diagonal
Diagonal
Distance
Ratio
Correction
CTX Opto
*
163 MM
1.0
m
1.1 m
1.1
20° offset/
ExPro 580
Transmis-
optical
sive LCD
InFocus
*
18 mm
1.3
m
1.5 m
1.2
18° offset
LP425
Reflective
DMD
Chisholm
43-58.5 mm
23 mm
0.55
m
1.2 m
2.2
15°
Dakota
Reflective
electronic
X800
LCD
Epson
55-72 mm
33.5
0.58
m
1.1 m
1.9
*
Powerlite
Transmis-
7300
sive LCD
Proxima
45-59 mm
23 mm
0.5
m
1.0 m
2.0
12° offset
Impression
Transmis-
A2
sive LCD
3M
167 mm
163 mm
1.0
m
1.2 m
1.2
16° offset/
MP8620
Transmis-
optical
sive LCD
*Not given in published specifications
Throw distance is defined as the distance from the projection lens to the projection screen. Throw ratio usually is defined as the ratio of throw distance to screen diagonal. The shortest throw distance available for the listed projectors is one meter. To achieve a larger image, between 40 to 60 inches (~1 to 1.5 meters), most projectors must be positioned even farther away, at least 8 to 12 feet (approximately 2.5 to 3.7 meters) away from the wall or screen.
The existence of this “projection zone” in front of the screen prevents the viewer from interacting closely with the projected image. If the presenter, for example, wishes to approach the image, the presenter will block the projection and cast a shadow on the screen.
Traditional integrated projectors require optical adjustment, such as focusing every time the projector is repositioned, as well as mechanical adjustment, such as raising of front support feet. Electronic connections, such as those to a laptop computer, generally are made directly to the projector, thus necessitating that the projector be readily accessible to the presenter or that the presenter runs the necessary wiring in advance.
Another problem with front projectors is the interference by ambient light. In a traditional front projector a significant portion of the projected light is scattered and is not reflected back to the audience. The loss of the light results in diminished image brightness. Accordin
Rodriguez, Jr. Ernesto M.
Vanderwerf Dennis F.
Dowling William
Florczak Yen Tong
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