Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Electrode
Patent
1993-06-10
1995-05-02
Maples, John S.
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Electrode
429225, 429228, 429245, H01M 436
Patent
active
054118212
ABSTRACT:
An integral battery electrode structure for lead/acid battery plates is provided. The principle structure material is elemental lead or lead alloyed with antimony or calcium. At least the surface of the lead or alloy has an ion implanted or atomic embedded graded junction of at least one other atomic species, such as titanium, cadmium, or bismuth. Additionally, highly oxidative atomic species such as fluorine, chlorine, or metallic components such as titanium, tin, vanadium, chromium, or rhodium may be added at the surface of the lead or lead alloy. Optionally, an element such as cadmium, arsenic, uranium, barium or bismuth may be added at the surface and within several atomic layers below the surface in such a manner that the concentration may be from 0.05% to about 10.0% of the total mass in that region but that the total concentration in the electrode structure is from about 50 to about 350 parts per billion. The addition of the further atomic species at and just below the surface of the lead or lead alloy will assure better operating characteristics of the battery plate due to the additional species without any significant loss of other characteristics or ecological acceptability due to the presence of the other atomic species. A specific embodiment contemplates conventional lead or lead alloy grids having titanium and optionally also fluorine embedded at the surface of the grid structure.
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Derafe, Ltd.
Maples John S.
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