Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Compacted trash or refuse bundle
Patent
1989-06-05
1992-02-04
Epstein, Henry F.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Compacted trash or refuse bundle
4285375, 4289033, B32B 516
Patent
active
050858980
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention comprises an insulating board of ground up paper in a mixture with natural fibers such as jute or the like. For example, such an insulating board is described in the subsequently published German Patent Application P 35 45 001.0.
Such insulating boards contain at most negligible portions of synthetic chemicals. Therefore they are not harmful to the environment and comply with modern requirements for buildings and homes constructed with non-toxic, biological materials ("baubiologische Erfordernisse").
A substantial problem during the production is the heretofore unavoidable inhomogeneities in the final product, which impair on one hand the mechanical strength and on the other hand also cause a break-down of the composite during storage and transport. Therefore, it was the object of the present invention to improve such insulating boards, particularly to increase the mechanical strength, to bond the fibers more durably, and to provide a method and an apparatus for producing such boards.
The insulating board of the invention is made of a mixture of old newspapers or the like free from any surface treatment or fillers, pretreated with anti-rot additives, preferably borates, and comminuted into flakes with an edge length of 1 to 5 mm, of natural fibers, preferably having an edge length of 5 to 100 mm, and of adhesive and/or reaction promoters, preferably of vegetable origin.
It has been surprisingly discovered through experiments that the edge length and the form of the paper which is used have a decisive influence on the quality of the final product.
In comminution of the paper to a flake or platelike form with edge lengths as mentioned above products arise having a multitude of little hairs at their edges, which interweave especially well with the natural fibers during compression and from which the lignin component is especially readily activatable under the influence of heat and moisture to adhere to the natural fibers. Since the fillers or surface coatings which are, for example, in or on enamel paper interfere therewith, the types of paper used need to be free of them. Newspaper (even in printed form) has proved particularly useful, for example Quality "E12" from the raw material trade.
The necessary comminution to flake or platelike form of the required size is particularly successful in a hammer mill, whereby the dust portion of the milled product can be very small. It has been discovered that dust portions decrease the strength of the insulating board and increase the consumption of material.
The nature of the natural fibers is largely uncritical; suitable fibers include jute, sisal, cotton, coco-fiber, flax, recycling or waste material from spinning mills or prepared material from straw or wood or animal hair, preferably wool, preferably in a length from 5 to 100 mm. As adhesives or action promoters balsam resin such as colophronium, starch or lignin bonding agents, caoutchouc or also trass cement, gypsum, aluminum sulfate and waterglass may be used. The production of the boards can be carried out in such a manner, that the substances are mixed and loosened up, introduced into a mold, compressed to desired density, and heated and dried with hot air and/or hot steam.
Particularly the lignin components contained in the paper are thereby activated and utilized as binder.
A particularly effective method according to the invention is to premix the paper flakes and fibers, to blow the mixture into a mixing vessel and to countercurrently introduce adhesive, or adhesive and reaction promoter in reverse flow, optionally in the form of an aqueous solution. After that the mixture is loosened up, fed in free fall into a molding station and compressed and subsequently treated and dried with hot air or hot air and steam.
By doing so the components move together from different directions with a high relative velocity, so that a high homogeneity of the mixture is assured. The adhesives and optional reaction promoters can be sprayed into the flake and fiber stream in pulverized or molten form or
REFERENCES:
patent: 3741863 (1973-06-01), Brooks
patent: 3819456 (1974-06-01), Enfield
patent: 3949036 (1976-04-01), Nelson
patent: 4111730 (1978-09-01), Balatinecz
patent: 4410573 (1983-10-01), Narymskaya et al.
patent: 4507358 (1985-03-01), Takaoka et al.
patent: 5011741 (1991-04-01), Hoffman
Erb Gottfried
Szypura Claus R.
Welteke Reinhard
Welteke Uwe
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