Fire extinguishers – Fluid systems – Distributing systems
Patent
1994-05-20
1997-04-08
Hoge, Gary C.
Fire extinguishers
Fluid systems
Distributing systems
169 37, 169 38, 169 54, A62C 3560
Patent
active
056179227
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an installation for fighting fire, in particular for comparatively small spaces, such as ship cabins and hotel rooms, with at least one releasing means to initiate a fire extinguishing process.
Especially by fires in passenger ships and hotels, the smoke gases present a serious danger; the majority of the victims usually die of smoke gas poisoning. With a fire set on, arsonists often leave the cabin door or the hotel room door open, with the desired result that both fire and especially smoke spread very rapidly, with a devastating effect.
The object of the invention is to provide a new installation for fighting fire, which is effective also in difficult situations as just mentioned.
The installation according to the invention is mainly characterized in that said releasing means is arranged to produce a barrier of a fog-like spray near the door of the respective space. The releasing means is generally either a spray head with a release ampoule or bulb, or a smoke detector producing a signal to activate one or several spray heads.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention at least one releasing spray head is arranged in the respective space and at least one spray head is arranged near the door of the space, and the releasing spray head is arranged to activate said at least one spray head near the door to produce a barrier of fog-like spray.
The spray head or heads near the door of a hotel room or ship cabin is preferably positioned outside the door and is preferably of a releasing type, as the spray head inside the room or cabin, and both spray heads are interconnected to upon release of either one of the spray heads activate the other spray head e.g. by distributing extinguishing liquid to it.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the releasing means is a spray head mounted on the wall above the door inside the room or the cabin and arranged to produce a barrier of fog-like spray inside the cabin or room, in front of the door. This embodiment needs in principle no co-operating spray head in the corridor and is easy to install, which is of significance especially when a fire-fighting installation shall be provided in a previously ready-built ship.
A barrier or curtain of fog-like spray near the door of a room or a cabin effectively prevents a fire and the smoke generated by it from spreading, and as the fire sucks in air along the floor, this air brings with it water-fog into the fire seat.
The spray heads, their individual nozzles and the mutual arrangement of the nozzles are preferably made according to what is presented in the international patent applications PCT/FI91/00060, PCT/FI92/00155 and PCT/FI92/00156, to produce a fog-like spray of a high operating pressure and having a good penetration power.
By a fog-like spray is meant a spray of small droplets having a diameter typically 30 to 100 microns and preferably set in a strong whirling motion. By a high operating pressure is here in general meant from about 50 bar up to about 300 bar, as compared to an operating pressure of generally 2 to 10 bar in conventional sprinkler installations, which produce a rain-like spray. It shall be noted, however, that the values given above are not absolute; definite limiting values are difficult to present.
The invention shall in the following be described in more detail, with reference to exemplifying preferred embodiments shown in the attached drawing.
FIG. 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of the invention, in connection with a longitudinal section of a ship cabin and an adjacent corridor.
FIG. 2 shows the same cabin, as seen from above.
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of a releasing spray head useful in the arrangements of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention, in connection with a block of eight cabins seen from above.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third preferred embodiment of the invention, in activated state, in connection with a longitudinal section of a ship cabin and the cabin from above, respectivel
REFERENCES:
patent: 1887747 (1932-11-01), Bills et al.
patent: 2586797 (1952-02-01), Dunlop et al.
patent: 3791450 (1974-02-01), Poitras
patent: 3884304 (1975-05-01), Messerschmidt et al.
patent: 3990518 (1976-11-01), Hemme
patent: 4043397 (1977-08-01), Glowienke
patent: 4359097 (1982-11-01), Claussen
"Spray Application of Water", National Board of Fire Underwriters, Bulletin No. 92 Dec. 1939.
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