Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Genetically modified micro-organism – cell – or virus
Patent
1985-07-17
1987-11-17
Kight, John
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Genetically modified micro-organism, cell, or virus
424 93, 435822, 435832, 71 3, A61K 3907, A01N 6300
Patent
active
047073594
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to insecticide compositions for controlling the breeding of insects which have aquatic breeding sites.
In the specification of our British Pat. Nos. 1 357 952 (March 1971) and 1 557 804 (October 1976) there is disclosed a method of controlling the breeding of mosquitoes by forming an insoluble monomolecular layer on the surface of water to reduce the number of mosquito pupae and larvae.
The monomolecular layer is particularly effective in killing the mosquito at certain stages of the life cycle, namely the ovipositing female, fourth stage larva, pupa and emerging adult. It is lethal because the decrease in surface tension causes wetting of the respiratory trumpets of the pupae and larvae and also forms a physical barrier to surface penetration, thus preventing oxygen uptake from the atmosphere by the larvae and pupae. The application of monolayers to the control of mosquito juveniles is described in:
1. McMullen, A. I. & Hill, M. N., (1971), Nature, 234, No. 5323 pp 51-52.
2. McMullen, A. I., Reiter, P. & Phillips, M. C., (1977), Nature, 267, No. 5608 pp 244-245.
3. Garrett, W. D., (1976), Naval Res. Lab. Report 8020, p 13, Washington D.C.
In the specification of our British Pat. No. 1 561 088 there is disclosed a method of controlling the breeding of insects which have an aquatic phase in their life cycle by forming an insoluble foam layer on the surface of the water. This foam layer presents an impenetrable barrier to pupae and larvae of the insects, again wetting their respiratory system and preventing oxygen uptake.
The foam method is more effective than the monomolecular method in that it is effective in killing the mosquito at all stages in its life cycle, namely: ovipositing female, egg, first, second, third and fourth stage larva, pupa and emerging adult. It is, however, more expensive than the monomolecular method in both dosage and application equipment.
There are also specific toxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis cultures (hereinafter referred to as B.t.) and from Bacillus sphaericus cultures which are mainly effective against first, second and third stage mosquito larvae but suffer from the disadvantage that the toxin crystal is dense and rapidly sinks below the feeding zones of young larvae. It is also rapidly inactivated by particulate matter in the catchment.
It has unexpectedly been found that by mixing the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus sphaericus with the material forming the monomolecular layer, the toxin is retained at the surface for quite long periods and is transported or spread over wide areas. When the toxin is mixed with an insoluble foam layer the toxin is held at the surface for periods depending on the speed of breakdown of the foam, which depends on the amount applied and the extent of water pollution. Alternatively, the monomolecular layer and toxin mixture can be applied to the water surface with a thin oil layer applied on top thereof, thus forming a "duplex film". These methods of applying the toxin to a water catchment result in a much more effective method for killing mosquitoes than by applying the monolayer, foam, thin oil or the toxin alone. Thus the combination produces a synergistic mixed product.
According to the present invention there is provided an insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aquatic breeding site comprising a first component which is capable of forming either a monomolecular layer, an insoluble foam layer or a duplex film layer on the surface of a water catchment and a second component which has a toxin action (preferably rapid) on larvae, giving rise to a synergistic mixture.
The first component may be any one or more of the compounds referred to in the specification of British Pat. Nos. 1 557 804 and 1 561 088. Thus the first component may include at least one long chain compound of the general formula: ##STR1## but excepting isostearyl alcohol or acid (see p. 13-14).
In these formulae R and B are alkylenes and may be the same or different, n is an integer in the range 1 to 3 and m
REFERENCES:
patent: 4160033 (1979-07-01), Garrett et al.
patent: 4166112 (1979-08-01), Goldberg
patent: 4187290 (1982-02-01), Goldberg
patent: 4325937 (1982-04-01), Spencer
patent: 4609550 (1986-09-01), Fitz-James
Paper by Cline et al., "Journal of Economic Entomology", vol. 66, No. 3, Jun. 15, 1973, pp. 697-702.
Cline et al., "Larvicidal Activities . . . Water Dispersions" J. Economic Entomology, vol. 66(3) 1973, pp. 697-702.
Draper Garnette D.
Kight John
LandOfFree
Insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aq does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aq, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aq will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1449291