Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-09
2002-10-01
Reddick, Judy M. (Department: 1713)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
C524S425000, C524S437000, C524S445000, C524S451000, C524S492000, C524S493000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06458876
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Advances in ink jet technology have placed increased demands on recording papers. To function properly, the recording paper must quickly absorb the ink and ink vehicles directly after printing, maximize the ink optical density, minimize bleeding and wicking of the ink, and provide good water and light fastness. To obtain a paper with the above functions, the paper is usually treated with one or more coatings.
Ink jet paper coatings typically comprise silica pigment for its high absorption power and a polymeric binder, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) “PVOH”, for its high binding strength. Non-silica pigments, such as clays, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and aluminum hydrate, are also used. Other known polymeric binders include poly(vinylpyrrolidone), styrene-butadiene copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), starch, and amine functional polymers such as amine functional PVOH.
Most of the commercially available amine functional homo- and copolymers and amine functional PVOHs are economically unattractive. The commercially available amine functional PVOHs, in addition to being costly, also suffer from low levels of amine functionality. As a result of the low levels of amine functionality, these materials fail to meet the stringent performance requirements for good ink jet print quality, especially for the high-end, photographic grade ink jet papers. The printed image density and sharpness are inadequate, as is the water and light resistance. There has, therefore, been a continuing need to produce a higher performing polymeric system that will provide good printed image density and sharpness as well as water and light resistance.
Much of the prior art addresses these performance issues by blending various synthetic amine-containing polymers or copolymers into ink jet coating compositions. The ratios of amine containing polymers or copolymers, PVOH binder, pigment, and other additives, are then varied to achieve the desired final ink jet paper properties.
However, compatibility problems can arise using such blends. For example: 1) when the ink jet coating composition is prepared and blended together, phase separation, thickening, and/or flocculation can occur resulting in an uncoatable system; 2) the blended polymer system can be incompatible with other reagents which are often used in ink jet coating compositions; and 3) once the paper is coated and dried the incompatibility of the blends can result in a heterogeneous coating surface, which translates into varying degrees of image quality once printed.
A second approach cited in the prior art is to multi-coat paper to achieve the desired ink jet print qualities. For example, a multi-coated ink jet paper can contain a dye fixative layer where a cationic type polymer is typically the active agent, and a binder layer which often contains PVOH to bind the pigment.
The ink jet paper coating prior art discloses the use of various amine functional or cationic polymer and/or copolymer blends to impart ink or dye fixative properties to the finished ink jet papers.
U.S. applications Ser. No. 09/162,940 filed Sep. 29, 1998 and Ser. No. 09/119,563 filed Jul. 21, 1998 disclosed amine-modified PVOHs for ink jet paper coatings. Application '940 teaches PVOH graft polymerized with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine functionality. Application '563 teaches piperidone functionalized PVOH.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,103 discloses a receiver sheet which consists of a substrate and a coating containing a pigment and a binder. The binder comprises PVOH and an additional binder component; for example, a cationic polyamine, such as poly(2-hdyroxypropyl-1,1-N-dimethylammonium chloride) or poly(dimethyldiallyl-ammonium chloride), a cationic polyacrylamide, or a cationic polyethyleneimine. The receiver sheet is particularly useful for printing with aqueous based inks such as in ink jet printing systems.
JP 63049478 (abstract) discloses an ink jet paper coating composition by the homopolymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) followed by quaternization by reacting with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride to produce a cationic polymer. Paper is then coated with a blend consisting of this cationic polymer, PVOH, and silica to afford an ink jet recording sheet with good water and light resistance and good images.
JP 63160875 (abstract) discloses the use of an ink jet paper coating composition consisting of a methyl chloroacetate salt of a DMAEMA-methyl methacrylate-cyclohexylmethacrylate terpolymer blended with methyl cellulose and PVOH.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,988 discloses the use of and process for producing an ink jet recording paper coated with a composition containing silica, poly(sodium acrylate), PVOH, and a DMAEMA-vinyl acetate copolymer.
JP 06247036 (abstract) discloses the use of a PVOH, silica, and quaternized poly(ethylene imine) blend for coating ink jet paper.
JP 06297833 (abstract) discloses the use of a PVOH, pigment, and poly(ethylene imine) blend for coating ink jet paper to obtain sharp prints with uniform color.
JP 06143800 (abstract) discloses the double coating of paper with a blend of PVOH, silica, cationically modified PVOH, and quaternized poly(ethylene imine) to produce an ink jet recording sheet giving high density images and water resistance.
JP 01186372 discloses the coating of paper with a blend of PVOH, silica, and cationic poly(acrylamide) to produce an ink jet recording sheet giving high color density.
JP 01283182 (abstract) discloses the coating of paper with a blend of PVOH, silica, modified PVOH, and cationic poly(acrylamide) to produce a high quality ink jet recording sheet.
JP 63162276 (abstract) discloses the coating of paper with a blend of PVOH, silica, and cationically modified PVOH to produce an ink jet recording sheet giving good images, water resistance, and light resistance.
JP 59096987 (abstract) discloses an ink jet recording sheet which contains an alkylamine chloride and an alkylamine acetate.
Although there have been numerous references to alkylated polyamines, it has not been recognized that such materials have efficacy in ink jet paper coating compositions. The following patents and publications relate to alkylated polyethyleneamines and their applications:
U.S. Pat. No. 2,267,205 discloses detergent compositions containing compounds of the form
X—NH—R—(NH—R)
n
—NH—Y
in which R is an alkylene radical selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene radicals, n is 0, 1, or 2, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl radicals and Y is an alkyl radical having at least 7 and not more than 18 carbon atoms. The use of these materials in textile treatment and ore flotation is also disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,640 discloses water-based coating compositions which include a halogenated resin, a polyol, a surfactant, and an amine which can be of the form
wherein R1-R7 are independently selected from H or straight or branched chain alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl groups of about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,195,152 discloses MIBK and MIAK reductive alkylates of diethylenetriamine:
These materials are noted to be useful as curatives in high solids epoxy coatings because of their very low viscosity. Other suggested uses are in potting compositions, laminations, and adhesives.
Murata, Y.; Ueda, M.
J. Antibact. Antifung. Agents
1989, 17 (8), 371-375 discloses trihydrochlorides of N,N″-dialkyldiethylenetriamines of the form
where R is a linear C8 or C10 alkyl group have been shown to have antimicrobial properties against dental plaque bacteria. This study showed that in vitro bactericidal activity tended to increase with the length of the N-substituted alkyl chain.
U.S. application Ser. No. 08/968,224 filed Nov. 12, 1997 discloses water-based compositions containing an alkylated polyamine compound of the following structure:
where m is 2-6, n is 2 or 3, and R and R′ are C5 to C8 alkyl groups.
U.S. application Ser. No. 08/968,22
Carr Richard Van Court
Lassila Kevin Rodney
Minnich Kristen Elaine
Rabasco John Joseph
Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
Leach Michael
Reddick Judy M.
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