Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier* or flow... – Fuel injector or burner
Patent
1989-07-05
1991-07-23
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier* or flow...
Fuel injector or burner
F02M 6118
Patent
active
050336797
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to motor industry and more specifically to injector nozzles for Diesel engines.
PRIOR ART
Some of the principal performance characteristics of Diesel engine injectors are their service life and time between adjustments. These performance characteristics are determined by the following parameters:
The injection initiation pressure is an adjustable parameter which determines the time between injector adjustments. The presence of break-up injection ensures that the Diesel engine starts at its start-up rotation frequency. The level of tightness along the shut-off cone affects the quality of fuel atomization, determining thus the economic performance of the Diesel engine, the smoking and toxicity of exhaust gases and is a parameter that sets a limit on the ultimate life of the injector nozzle.
An analysis of the defects of injectors arriving from the field at service stations shows that one of the pricipal causes that limit the service life of injection nozzles and the time between injector adjustments is contact-abrasive wear of the shut-off cones and, in the first place, the conical seat of the nozzle whose surface hardness is lower than that of the shut-off cone of the needle.
As the shut-off cones of the nozzle wear out, the needle sinks in the nozzle housing and the shut-off diameter decreases down to the minimum diameter of the conical seat. By "shut-off diameter" we mean the average diamter of the contacting belt of the shut-off cone of a needle with the conical seat of a housing. Wear of the shut-off cones of a nozzle primarily manifests itself as an increase in the differential area of the needle and hence as a decrease in the injection initiation pressure, which cuts down the time between adjustments of the injector and impairs the economic and operating characteristics of a Diesel engine. Also, at a certain degree of wear of the shut-off cone for a specific nozzle design, the break-up injection effect disappears because of a decrease in the build-up of the needle lift force at an initial injection stage due to a decrease in the shut-off diameter.
The ultimate degree of wear of the shut-off cone resulting in a shut-off diameter close to the minimum diameter of a conical seat, leads to irreversible loss of tightness along the shut-off cone and of fuel atomization quality and, eventually, to substantial deterioration of the power and economic characteristics of operation of the Diesel engine, which necessitates replacement of nozzles in real-life operating conditions, i.e. reduces the ultimate service life of the nozzle.
Known in the prior art is an injector nozzle (U.S. Pat. No. 2,927,737) that contains a housing with a conical seat passing into a cylindrical channel with atomizing holes. Installed in the housing is a needle with a shut-off cone whose vertex is located inside the cylindrical channel. The vertex angle of the shut-off cone is 0.5-2 degrees greater than that of the conical seat. The end portion of the shut-off cone performs the functions of a throttle element.
This nozzle design currently enjoys wide use in Diesel engines since it ensures the break-up injection effect and tightness along the shut-off cone till the end of a specified service life.
However, in operation of such a nozzle, the needle sinks because of contact-abrasive wear of the conical seat. With a relatively small distance between the interacting surfaces of the conical seat and the shut-off cone of the needle, which distance is determined by the difference of the angles between them, the shut-off diameter shifts relatively fast to the vertex of the shut-off cone down to the minimum diameter of the conical seat. And as the conical seat wears out, the injection initiation pressure decreases, the break-up injection effect disappears, the quality of atomization deteriorates and tightness is lost.
In order to reduce the effect of wear of the conical seat on nozzle parameters, the shut-off cone of the needle is made truncated, particularly, by confining it, from the side of the sm
REFERENCES:
patent: 2927737 (1960-03-01), Zeuch et al.
patent: 4153205 (1979-05-01), Parrish, Jr.
Golev Vladislav I.
Mokhov Rostislav M.
Rusakov Alexandr S.
Forman Michael J.
Kashnikow Andres
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