Furnaces – Process – Incinerating refuse
Patent
1998-08-26
2000-10-03
Lazarus, Ira S.
Furnaces
Process
Incinerating refuse
110342, 110341, 110219, 110222, 110226, 110233, 110101R, 241 18, 241 23, 241 27, 241DIG38, F23G 502, F23K 300, B02C 1700, B02C 100
Patent
active
061257745
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a combustion process for predominantly solid industrial and special waste.
Thermal disposal of industrial and special waste represents one of the most important processes for the environmentally friendly and, at the same time, cost-effective elimination of problem waste materials. Numerous efforts have therefore been made to develop suitable combustion plants and to further optimize these plants. The main concern with regard to optimization of this nature is to reduce harmful emissions from the plant. Further demands relate to the complete degradation of the pollutants supplied, to achieving combustion residues which are as far as possible reusable and inert, and to the optimum utilization of the thermal energy held in the waste.
An important prerequisite for achieving the abovementioned aims is that combustion of the waste materials be as far as possible uniform and homogeneous. However, this is problematical in particular in the case of predominantly solid waste materials. Such waste materials are often naturally heterogeneous and form regions in the combustion chamber in which certain materials occur with a high concentration. The combustion of these materials can therefore, under certain circumstances, lead to undesirable toxic byproducts. Often, in addition, the waste materials are delivered in packaging containers, such as for example drums, which open up in the combustion chamber and thus require a suddenly high oxygen demand for them to be combusted. Since this oxygen demand as a rule cannot be satisfactorily met, combustion is incomplete, a fact which on the one hand leaves behind unburned residues and on the other hand is responsible for the formation of undesirable byproducts. Therefore, for the combustion of solid waste materials, it is desirable for these materials to be present in a form which is as homogeneous and comminuted as possible, so that they have a large surface area which is readily accessible to oxygen.
The prior art has disclosed various measures for achieving comminution and homogenization of waste materials prior to combustion.
Thus, by way of example, H. Lehmann, in his article "Primarseitige Ma.beta.nahmen zur Emissionsminderung bei der thermischen Verwertung von Abfallstoffen [Primary-side measures for reducing emissions in the thermal utilization of waste materials]" ("Energieanwendung, Energieund Umwelttechnik [Energy application, energy and environmental engineering]", Issue 1, January 1994, pp. 16 ff.) describes, inter alia, a process for the preparation of the material for combustion. This process comprises in particular the comminution to fragment sizes of less than 50 mm. Then, homogeneous mixing with an additive takes place, which additive is intended to bind certain pollutants, such as for example sulfur, chlorine or fluorine. Said process is used for domestic refuse and pollutant-laden activated carbon.
It is also known from Patent Specification DE-B-1,181,316 to comminute the waste by using mills and screens. The result is a refuse fragment size of from 3 to 6 cm. However, the document mentioned only describes the comminution of domestic refuse.
It is known from DE-A-2,147,897 to employ impact crushers, hammer mills or blade mills to comminute the refuse (bottom of p. 13). A screen which is connected downstream of the mills ensures that the size of the pieces is less than 25 mm (bottom of p. 4). The process described is applied only to domestic refuse.
In the device in accordance with prior art, the waste to be combusted is first sent through a shredder and then conveyed for combustion in a vibrating or worm conveyor. However, this does not provide a homogeneous distribution of the material for burning, so that further measures are required during the combustion. No details are given on the type of refuse which is burnt.
Finally, it is also known from the Journal "Aufbereitungs-Technik [Preparation technology]" (No. May 1962, pp. 211 ff.) firstly to send refuse over a mill, in order to obtain a material which has been comminuted to 0-15 mm
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Bertich Heinz
Burger Alfred
Dinkelborg-Lucke Wilhelm
Hetzelberger Rolf
Kohler Kurt
BASF Coatings AG
Ciric Ljiljana V.
Lazarus Ira S.
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