Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
1996-08-29
2001-06-12
Raymond, Richard L. (Department: 1624)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C514S254090, C514S292000, C514S316000, C514S323000, C514S414000, C514S415000, C514S418000, C514S419000, C514S143000, C514S373000, C546S087000, C546S187000, C546S201000, C548S468000, C548S483000, C548S486000, C548S492000, C548S493000, C548S507000, C548S509000, C548S510000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06245761
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Neuropeptide Y is a peptide present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The peptide co-exists with noradrenaline in many neurons and acts as a neurotransmitter per se or synergistically together with noradrenaline. Neuropeptide Y-containing fibers are numerous around arteries in the heart, but are also found around the arteries in the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the genitourinary tract. Neuropeptide Y is also present in the cerebrum with effects on blood pressure, feeding, and the release of different hormones. Alterations in central concentrations of neuropeptide Y have been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Neuropeptide Y was discovered, isolated and sequenced in 1982 from porcine brain as part of a general screening protocol to discover carboxy-terminal amidated peptides and was named neuropeptide Y due to its isolation from neural tissue and the presence of tyrosine as both the amino and carboxy terminal amino acid. Neuropeptide Y is a member of the pancreatic family of peptides and shares significant sequence homology with pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY.
Neuropeptide Y and the other members of its family of peptides all feature a tertiary structure consisting of an N-terminal polyproline helix and an amphiphilic &agr;-helix, connected with a &bgr;-turn, creating a hairpin-like loop, which is sometimes referred to as the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) fold. The helices are kept together by hydrophobic interactions. The amidated C-terminal end projects away from the hairpin loop.
Subsequent to its discovery neuropeptide Y was identified as being the most abundant peptide in the central nervous system with widespread distribution including the cortex, brainstem, hippocampus, hypotahlamus, amygdala, and thalamus as well as being present in the peripheral nervous system in sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells.
Neuropeptide Y seems to fulfill the main criteria for a role as a neurotransmitter, as it is stored in synaptic granules, is released upon electrical nerve stimulation, and acts at specific receptors. It is clear that neuropeptide Y is an important messenger in its own right, probably in the brain, where neuropeptide Y potently inhibits the activity of adenylate cyclase and induces an increase in the intracellular levels of calcium. Central injection of neuropeptide Y results in blood pressure changes, increased feeding, increased fat storage, elevated blood sugar and insulin, decreased locomotor activity, reduced body temperature, and catalepsy.
Neuropeptide Y (as well as its chemical relatives) acts upon membrane receptors that are dependent on guanyl-nucleotide binding proteins, known as G protein-coupled receptors. G proteins are a family of membrane proteins that become activated only after binding guanosine triphosphate. Activated G proteins in turn activate an amplifier enzyme on the inner face of a membrane; the enzyme then converts precursor molecules into second messengers.
Neuropeptide Y appears to interact with a family of closely related receptors. These receptors are generally classified into several subtypes based upon the ability of different tissues and receptors to bind different fragments of neuropeptide Y and other members of the PP family of peptides. The Y1 receptor subtype appears to be the major vascular neuropeptide Y receptor. The Y2 receptor subtypes can also occur postjunctionally on vascular smooth muscle. The as-yet-unisolated Y3 receptor subtype appears to be neuropeptide Y-specific, not binding peptide YY. This receptor is likely to be present in the adrenal tissues, medulla, heart, and brain stem, among other areas. [For a review of neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y receptors, see. e.g., C. Wahlestedt and D. Reis,
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
33:309-352 (1993); D. Gehlert and P. Hipskind,
Current Pharmaceutical Design,
1:295-304 (1995)].
In view of the wide number of clinical maladies associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y, the development of neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists will serve to control these clinical conditions. The earliest such receptor antagonists, such as Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Publication WO 91/08223, published Jun. 13, 1991, and Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Publication WO 94/00486, published Jan. 6, 1994, were peptide derivatives. These antagonists are of limited pharmaceutical utility because of their metabolic instability.
This invention provides a class of potent non-peptide neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists. By virtue of their non-peptide nature, the compounds of the present invention do not suffer from the shortcomings, in terms of metabolic instability, of known peptide-based neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention encompasses methods for the treatment or prevention of a disorder associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of said treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I
wherein:
R
b
is hydrogen, C
1
-C
6
alkyl, C
1
-C
6
alkoxy, C
2
-C
6
alkanoyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, or halo;
R
1
is hydrogen, C
1
-C
6
alkyl, or —(CH
2
)
v
—R
1a
;
where v is 1 to 12, and R
1a
is phenyl, naphthyl, hexamethyleneiminyl, piperazinyl, heptamethyleneiminyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, tryptolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, or morpholinyl, any one of which phenyl, naphthyl, hexamethyleneiminyl, piperazinyl, heptamethyleneiminyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, tryptolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, or morpholinyl groups may be substituted with one or more moieties selected from the groups consisting of C
1
-C
6
alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, benzyl, phenyl, di(C
1
-C
6
alkyl)amino, C
1
-C
6
alkylamino, C
2
-C
6
alkanoyl, C
2
-C
6
alkanoyloxy, and C
3
-C
8
cycloalkyl,
said said phenyl, benzyl, or C
3
-C
8
cycloalkyl, being optionally substituted with one, two, or three moieties independently selected from the group consisting of C
1
-C
6
alkyl, halo, or C
1
-C
6
alkoxy,
or R
1a
may be substituted with —(CH
2
)
w
—R
1b
, where w is 1 to 12 and R
1b
is piperidinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolidinyl, C
1
-C
6
alkoxy, C
1
-C
6
alkylthio, di[di(C
1
-C
6
alkyl)amino(C
1
-C
6
alkylenyl)]amino, di(C
1
-C
6
alkyl)amino(C
1
-C
6
alkylenyl)amino, phenyl, C
3
-C
8
cycloalkyl, pyrrolidinyl, and acetamido,
said phenyl, or C
3
-C
8
cycloalkyl, being optionally substituted with one, two, or three moieties independently selected from the group consisting of C
1
-C
6
alkyl, halo, or C
1
-C
6
alkoxy;
A is a bond, —(CH
2
)
m
or —C(O)—;
A
1
is a bond, —NR
a
, —O—, —(CH
2
)
m
—, or —S(O)
n
—;
q is 0 to 6;
p is 0 to 6;
n is 0, 1, or 2;
m is 0 to 6;
s is 0 to 6;
R
a
is hydrogen, C
1
-C
6
alkyl, or C
2
-C
6
alkanoyl;
D is a bond, C
2
-C
4
alkenylenyl, or —C(X)(Y)—,
where one of X and Y is hydroxy and the other is hydrogen, or both X and Y are hydrogen, or X and Y combine to form ═O, or ═NOR
c
;
R
c
is hydrogen, benzyl, acetyl, benzoyl, or C
1
-C
6
alkyl;
one of X
1
and Y
1
is hydroxy and the other is hydrogen, or both X
1
and Y
1
are hydrogen, or X
1
and Y
1
combine to form ═O, or ═NOR
d
;
R
d
is hydrogen or C
1
-C
6
alkyl;
R
2
is hydroxy, C
1
-C
6
alkyl, C
1
-C
6
alkoxy, phenoxy, or a group of the formula
wherein R
4
and R
5
are independently hydrogen, C
1
-C
6
alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl(C
1
-C
6
alkylenyl)-, or R
2
is a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of hexamethyleneiminyl, piperazinyl, heptamethyleneiminyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, 2-tryptolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, or morpholinyl;
any one of which hexamethyleneiminyl, piperazinyl, heptamethyleneiminyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, 2-tryptolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, or morpholinyl groups may be substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of C
1
-C
6
alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, benzyl, phenyl, di(C
1
-C
6
alkyl)amino, di(C
1
-C
6
alkyl)amino(C
1
-C
6
alkylenyl)-, C
1
-C
6
alkylamino(C
1
-C
6
alkyle
Britton Thomas C.
Bruns, Jr. Robert F.
Gehlert Donald R.
Hipskind Philip A.
Lobb Karen L.
Desai Manisha A.
Eli Lilly and Company
Gaylo Paul J.
Raymond Richard L.
LandOfFree
Indolyl neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Indolyl neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Indolyl neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2522039