Refrigeration – Utilizing solar energy
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-16
2001-04-17
Doerrler, William (Department: 3744)
Refrigeration
Utilizing solar energy
C062S003200, C062S003700, C136S203000, C136S246000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06216480
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an independent and self sustainable power generation and storage system.
In addition, the present invention relates to a solar panel to be used in the above power generator and storage system and method .
Such systems, composed of known solar panels, rechargeable batteries and control circuitry, are known and have been around for quite some time. However, even with large solar panels and large rechargeable batteries, these known systems, considering the modest amount of storageable energy, require too much time for recharging, thus preventing their breakthrough for some applications or even barring them from many intensive energy applications such as powering vehicles or aircraft.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According, it is an object of the present invention to provide an independent and self-sustainable highly efficient power generation and storage system. One aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved by a system for capturing, storing and delivering energy, comprising: capture means for capturing energy; storage means for storing captured energy; and charging means for charging said captured energy into said storage means; said capture means, charging means and storage means being appropriately associated to each other; and wherein said storage means may be connected to a load withdrawing energy from said storage means, characterized in that said capture means provides electrical energy and said storage means is an electrolyte-based rechargeable battery in which the electrolyte comprises adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the regular rechargeable battery greatly reduces its internal resistance. ATP is an important molecule in the energy metabolism of human cells. The ATP molecule stores energy which can be released in its transition to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The ATP/ADP conversion is reversible and thus lends itself to applications involving redox processes in rechargeable batteries.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte is based on sulphuric acid, preferably a self-cohesive electrolyte, more preferably a hard-gel electrolyte. This is a low cost, well established battery system. The highly viscous hard-gel electrolyte prevents battery problems if the battery is shaken or tilted.
In another preferred embodiment, the above electrolyte is based on uric acid rather than sulphuric acid. This type of battery can be easily prepared from urine.
Preferably, the electrolyte comprises only dry silica rather than the gel. In this way, the battery can be activated by simply adding water.
Advantageously, the electrolyte further comprises silver/tin alloy salts further improving the battery characteristics.
In a further preferred embodiment, the rechargeable battery is a multicell battery. With each rechargeable battery being composed of a suitable number of cells connected in series, several battery voltages may be achieved.
In another preferred embodiment, each battery cell comprises a porous sheet in the top portion of its housing above the electrolyte, said porous sheet preferably being a glass-type material such as a fiber glass tissue. This sheet prevents water from leaking out of the battery while being permeable to gases such as hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen which have to be absorbed or released by the battery in some cases. The porous sheet may also be a carbon-based material such as graphite or fullerenes.
Advantageously, said charging means is a battery charger located in a nitrogen containing atmosphere together with said rechargeable battery, said battery charger comprising in its charging line a light emitting element emitting at least part of the frequency spectrum of a black body radiator. This light emitting element, which may be powered by the battery charger, emits photons interacting with the nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere causing the nitrogen molecules to split into nitrogen atoms which, under the influence of &agr;-particle (helium nuclei) bombardment from the sun and outer space, disintegrate to form hydrogen and oxygen atoms as summarized by the following equation:
N+He→O+H (1)
These two elements will then enter the inventive battery through the above described porous sheets while chemically combining to form water molecules. This process speeds up the battery charging and thus contributes very favorably to the charging process. The nitrogen acts as a “fuel”.
More particularly, said light emitting element is an incandescent bulb emitting a continuous emission spectrum which is very effective in stimulating the above splitting of nitrogen.
Preferably, this type of bulb is located close to the porous sheet of each battery cell. In this way, most of the hydrogen and oxygen is formed close to the battery, thus improving the favorable contribution to the charging process.
In some cases, it is appropriate that during the charging process said rechargeable battery and said light emitting element are placed in a pressurized chamber containing gaseous nitrogen. With this higher density of nitrogen molecules/atoms available, the above transmutation of nitrogen yields more hydrogen and oxygen ultimately forming water and entering the battery to be charged.
In a further preferred embodiment, said battery charger comprises a capacitor and a control circuit for controlling an intermediate charging and discharging process of said capacitor, wherein, during the battery charging process, said capacitor is controlled such that it accumulates charge from a charging source during a first period, which charge is then discharged from said capacitor into the rechargeable battery in the form of at least one pulse during a second period much shorter than said first period, this process being repeated periodically until the rechargeable battery is sufficiently charged.
This pulsating charging process causes “clusters” of electrons to be pumped into the battery which again speeds up the charging process and contributes to a fully charged battery.
Preferably, said capacitor is a carbon-aluminum capacitor with aluminum electrodes and carbon material sandwiched therebetween in intimate contact with said electrodes. Again, under the influence of &agr;-particle bombardement, the aluminum atoms of the electrode material of this capacitor are prone to disintegrate into carbon and nitrogen atoms according to the following equation:
Al+He→C+N (2)
where the aluminum serves as a “fuel” just as the nitrogen does in the previous equation.
Advantageously, said carbon material has a porous structure which communicates with the surrounding atmosphere. In this way, after the transmutation of one aluminum atom to one carbon atom and one nitrogen atom, the carbon atom remains in the porous carbon structure whereas the nitrogen atom may exit that porous structure while probably recombining to nitrogen molecules and eventually undergoing the transmutation according to equation (1). In this manner, the aluminum “fuel” both directly and indirectly contributes to the above battery charging.
In a further preferred embodiment, said battery charger comprises a spongy battery having a first electrode of a first material, a second electrode of a second material and spongy material moisted with ATP wherein the electrodes are sandwiched therebetween and in intimate contact with said spongy material. This spongy battery also contributes favorably to the charging process.
Preferably, said first material is a metal under the 14th position of the periodic table of the elements and the second material is a metal over the 14th position of the periodic table of the elements.
Also, said first material may be an alloy of metals with the main metal under the 14th position of the periodic table of the elements and the second material may be an alloy of metals with the main metal over the 14th position of the periodic table of the elements.
In a further preferred embodiment, said capture means comprises at least one solar panel provided with solar ce
Camus Nelson E.
Schwika Stephen John
Camus Nelson E.
Doerrler William
Jiang Chen-Wen
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