Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-04-12
2003-07-29
Niland, Patrick D. (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
active
06599962
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a process for incorporating additives into polymers in a colliodal system by emulsifying the system with a compressed fluid.
BACKGROUND ART
There have been developed several methods for incorporating additives into polymers, including dissolving the additives in the monomers to be polymerized; introduction of the additives during polymerization; using organic solvents to transport the additives into the polymers; and contacting the polymer under pressure with a compressed fluid having the additive dissolved therein.
However, dissolving additives in monomers can adversely affect subsequent polymerization processes. Polymerization in the presence of additives can be adversely affected if the additives are reactive with the monomers or intermediates or catalysts. Also, if reactive, the additives may be changed into substances that do not serve the purpose the additives were intended to serve. Methods using organic solvents can have multiple processing steps which compromise efficiency and economy and also may require implementation of environmental precautions necessitated by use of often toxic organic solvents.
Therefore, there is still a need for methods of efficiently incorporating additives into polymers.
It is an object of this invention to provide one such method and some products thereof.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The claims appended hereto are intended to cover all changes and modifications within the spirit and scope thereof.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there has been invented a method for incorporating additives into polymers comprising: (a) forming an aqueous or alcohol-based colloidal system of the polymer; (b) emulsifying the colloidal system with a compressed fluid; and (c) contacting the colloidal polymer with the additive in the presence of the compressed fluid. The colloidal polymer can be contacted with the additive by having the additive in the compressed fluid used for emulsification or by adding the additive to the colloidal system before or after emulsification with the compressed fluid. The invention process can be carried out either as a batch process or as a continuous on-line process.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4613559 (1986-09-01), Ober et al.
patent: 4820752 (1989-04-01), Berens et al.
patent: 5508060 (1996-04-01), Perman
Otake, Katsuto, Stephen E. Webber, Petr Munk, and Keith P. Johnston, “Swelling of Polystyrene Latex Particles in Water by High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide,”Langmuir, vol. 13, pp. 3047-3051, 1997.
West, Barry L., Sergei G. Kazarian, Michael F. Vincent, Noel H. Brantley, Charles A. Echert, “Supercritical Fluid Dyeing of PMMA Films with Azo-Dyes,”Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 69, 911-919 (1998).
Kazarian, Sergei G., Noel H. Brantley, Charles A. Eckert, “Dyeing to Be Clean: Use Supercritical Carbon Dioxide,”Chemtech, vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 36-41, 1999.
Quadir, Murat A., Rodd Snook, Robert G. Gilbert, and Joseph M. DiSimone, “Emulsion Polymerization in a Hybrid Carbon Dioxide/Aqueous Medium,”Macromolecules, vol. 30, pp. 6015-6023, 1997.
da Rocha, Sandro R. P., Kristi L. Harrison, and Keith P. Johnston, “Effect of Surfactants on the Interfacial Tension and Emulsion Formation between Water and Carbon Dioxide,”Langmuir, vol. 15, pp. 419-428, 1999.
Winnik, Francois and Christopher K. Ober, “Coloured Particles by Dispersion Polymerization,”Eur. Polym. J.,vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 617-622, 1987.
Paine, Anthony James, Wayne Luymes, and James McNulty, “Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Polar Solvents,”Macromolocules, vol. 23, pp. 3104-3109, 1990.
Cooper, A. I., J. D. Londono, G. Wignall, J. B. McClain, E. T. Samulski, J. S. Lin, A. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, A. L. C. Burke, J. M. J.d Frechets, and J. M. DiSimone, “Extraction of a Hydrophilic Compound from Water into Liquid CO2Using Dendritic Surfactants,”J. Am. Chem. Soc.,vol. 116, pp. 7941-7942, 1994.
Horak, Daniel, Svec Frantisek, and Jean M. J. Frechet, “Preparation of Colored Poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate) Micrometer Size Beads with Narrow Size Distribution by Dispersion Polymerization in Presence of Dyes,”Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 33, pp. 2961-2968, 1995.
Zielinski, R. G., S. R. Kline, E. W. Kaler, and N. Rosov, “A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Water in Carbon Dioxide Microemulsions,”Langmuir, vol. 13, p. 3934-3937, 1997.
Lee, C. Ted, Jr., Petros A. Psathas, Keith P. Johnston, Janet deGrazia and Theodore W. Randolph, “Water-in-Carbon Dioxide Emulsions: Formation and Stability,”Langmuir, vol. 15, pp. 6781-6791, 1999.
Lemert, Richard M., Rob A. Fuller, and Keith P. Johnston, “Reverse Micelles in Supercritical Fluids,”J. Phys. Chem., vol 94, pp. 6021-6028, 1990.
McCleskey T. Mark
Yates Matthew Z.
Cottrell Bruce H.
Gemma Morrison Bennett
Niland Patrick D.
The Regents of the University of California
LandOfFree
Incorporation of additives into polymers does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Incorporation of additives into polymers, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Incorporation of additives into polymers will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3052981