Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1994-12-19
1997-07-22
Levy, Neil S.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424409, 424413, 424 84, A01N 2512
Patent
active
056501609
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to new inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin, to a process for their preparation and to their use, particularly in slow release formulation for the treatment of Lepidopterous pests.
The olive is a tree of very special social and economical significance for the Mediterranean countries of the European Economic Community, where it occupies about 65% of the total world surface devoted to this crop and produces approximately 80% of the world production of olive oil and almost 50% of the world production of pickled olives.
Thus any development which could reduce agricultural input costs, while increasing production and quality of fruits and hence oil would be of great economic significance both within the community and in respect to its external trade.
This particularly applies for high quality olive oil (pesticide free olive oil).
Control of the Lepidopterous olive pests depends almost entirely on the use of pesticides. Their wide-spread use has already produced some serious problems in water contamination and food supplies in several locations of the olive growing countries. One of the most serious effects of using exclusively chemical insecticides for the olive pest control has been the development of pest resistance to the pesticides, the consequence of which has been the use of higher dosages which increases the environmental pollution and also affects severely the natural enemy complex with subsequent appearance of secondary pests.
Prays oleae is known to be a serious olive pest. The female produces and releases a sex pheromone which attracts the male. The major component of this pheromone is known and is Z-7-tetradecenal.
The jasmine moth Palpita unionalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] is an olive pest in all the Mediterranean countries. It attacks the leaves of young olive trees and also green olives. The biology and ecology of this pest have been poorly studied. Control of this pest depends upon insecticide treatment. Extensive behavioral and chemical studies under laboratory and field conditions reveal that the females produce and release a sex pheromone which attracts the males. Up to now, the isolation and identification of the chemical components which compose the sex pheromone of the Palpita unionalis, had never been carried out.
The techniques which are used up to now to control the olive fruit pests, i.e. respectively Prays oleae and Palpita unionalis, are not quite adequate for the above-stated reasons, and particularly because they create water, food and environmental pollution.
Cyclodextrins and modified cyclodextrins are intermediate size compounds (MW 1000-1300), which are produced from enzymatic degradation of starch. They are composed of six, seven or eight 1,4 linked glycopyranose residues and are called, .alpha.-cyclodextrins, .beta.-cyclodextrins, or .gamma.-cyclodextrins (.alpha.-CD, .beta.-CD, .gamma.-CD) respectively. They have the shape of a truncated cone with a hydrophobic cavity at its center and its narrow and wide rims are occupied by primary and secondary hydroxyl groups, which makes its periphery hydrophilic. CDs act as hosts for a great variety of chemicals (guests) to form inclusion complexes. The guest molecules are entrapped within the cavity at least partly.
The following definitions are provided for some basic terms that are used throughout this specification.
Cyclodextrin Derivative--refers to a cyclodextrin-containing coumpound in which one or more atoms or groups of atoms are substituted at a C2, C3 or C6 hydroxyl or hydroxyl hydrogen, i.e., "modified cyclodextrins". The term cyclodextrin derivative also encompasses "linked cyclodextrins" where two or more cyclodextrins are linked together, and compounds where a useful agent such as a pharmaceutical is covalently bonded to a cyclodextrin, such that the covalent bond, when broken will yield the agent in active form. This term also includes any salt or hydrate which can be formed from the cyclodextrin derivative.
Modified Cyclodextrin--refers to a species of cyclodextrin derivatives that contains one or
REFERENCES:
patent: 4042681 (1977-08-01), Underhill et al.
Kondilis, P. et al, "Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with the Pheromone of the Olive Fruit Fly Dacus Oleae", Minutes 5th Int. Symp. Cyclodexrins, 1991, Paris, France, pp. 578-583.
Szejtli, Jozsef, "Cyclodextrin Technology", 1988, pp. 335-364.
Mazomenos Basilios
Moustakali-Mavridis Irene
Levy Neil S.
NCSR "Demokritos"
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