Implantable molded articles for the administration of active sub

Details Implantable molded articles for the administration of active sub Implantable molded articles for the administration of active sub

1997-06-11

1999-06-22

Clardy, S. Mark

Plant protecting and regulating compositions

Plant growth regulating compositions

47 475, 47 58, 424411, 514953, A01N 2534, A01N 2510, A01G 706

Patent

active

059142952

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to implantable, partially biodegradable polymer-containing molded articles for the administration of active substances to plants.
In contrast with human and veterinary medicine it is rather unknown to administer active substances to plants by means of implantable devices. The active substance formulations used in general practice are either sprayed on the plant or brought into the soil near the roots. These conventional application forms have the disadvantage that great amounts of the active substance is last during application; this result in a considerable environmental impact (contamination of the air, soil and waters) require larger amounts of active substances.
This disadvantageous active substance loss is of particular weight when plant protection measures are to be taken on urban regions (trees in avenues, municipal park grounds), or when they have to be repeated for several times during one vegetation period, for example, in agricultural plants with high degree of pest infestation.
In order to minimize the risks of environmental pollution during plant treatment and to achieve a prolonged duration of action of the active substances, various alternative active substance release systems have been developed. For example, those described in the patent specifications of EP 0 254 196 and DE 39 22 366. These relate to devices for the transcuticular or transperidermal application of systemic active substances to plants. These are sustained-release depot preparations in the form of flat-shaped, patch-like, adherent and pressure-sensitive adhesive systems which are suitably applied on a chosen site of the plant shoot axis. In addition, there are the active substance administration forms according to DE-GM 17 60 060 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,695. These are simple tree rings comprising insect repellents or insecticides giving external protection to the plant. The above-mentioned publications do not clearly indicate that these are systems for a systemic administration of active substances; however, because of their construction and composition, it is obvious that they can have this function.
The above-mentioned active substance release systems are applied externally onto the plant surface. For this reason, they have the disadvantage that their functional capability which is based on perfect adhesion is influenced by environmental factors. In addition, these devices have to be removed after depletion of the systems. Moreover, this type of application does not present a satisfactory take-up of active substances since absorption is impeded by barriers in the form of terminal tissue which is difficult to permeate.
The direct administration of active substances into the conductive system of the plant by means of an injection--as described in the patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,078,087; U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,456; CA 1,089,645, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,576,276--can overcome the above drawbacks; however it involves other deficiencies. Since the active substance release is effected very rapidly and directly into the conductive system, there is the potential risk of excessive active substance concentrations involving plant damages. Another disadvantage is the fact that several repeated treatments are necessary to ensure the required active substance concentration at the site of action over a longer period. These drawbacks can be avoided by using release devices positioned in the interior of the plant and ensuring continuous and long-term supply of active substances at the same time.
Administering active substances to plants by means of implantable application systems has been mentioned in the relevant literature (patent document AU 8431497 and JP 58039602); however, they have not attained commercial status so far.
The publication AU 8431497 relates to an implantable device in the form of a porous ceramic body positioned in a mechanically provided hole in the trunk and connected with an external active substance reservoir by means of capillaries. The active substance relea

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