Dentistry – Prosthodontics – Holding or positioning denture in mouth
Patent
1985-10-24
1988-09-20
Wilson, John J.
Dentistry
Prosthodontics
Holding or positioning denture in mouth
4332011, A61C 800
Patent
active
047722037
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
The invention relates to an implant for bone and tooth root prostheses, the implant being composed of a core and a matrix having particles embedded therein. Joint implants are addressed in particular. The invention further relates to a method using the implant according to the invention.
2. Background of the Art
It is known that metallic, ceramic and bonded fiber implants are being used, or their use is being developed as substitutes for bones and joints or tooth roots. Some of the materials employed are bio-inert, some are biocompatible. In many cases it is desired to provide coatings of inorganic and organic substances having bioactive effects. These coating materials are more or less resorbable and are dissolved by the body in a few years at the latest. Since growth and attachment by bone growth occurs only at the surface of the implant, loosening phenomena occur in all known implant materials.
For tooth root implants the state of the art permits only a rigid connection between implant and jaw bone. There are no dental implants which are adapted to natural conditions. Therefore, complicated structures to dampen pressure peaks are required for present-day dental implants to prevent the implant from breaking out of the jaw bone. Due to the wrong stresses on the jaw bone, the latter also decomposes if commercially available implants are employed.
Implants are also known which are made of porous, tissue compatible metals, plastic fibers or composite metals and in which the outer layers contain a plastic matrix with embedded inorganic, resorbable particles. However, in connection with these prior art implants it has also been found that an uninterfered-with bond between bone and fiber material is impossible. The consequence is that after a certain period of time, the implants must be exchanged for new ones which usually requires, in a then necessary second surgical procedure, further excavation of bone, e.g. longer shafts or larger hip sockets.
It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an implant which assures a permanent and lifetime connection, or anchorage, of the implant with the natural bone and thus reduces or completely avoids repeated surgery for implantations. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a suitable method which employs implants that accomplish this task.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This is accomplished by an implant whose core is made of metal or a composite material and is provided with a transition structure at the side of the bone wherein the matrix surrounds porcupine quill or brush-like flexible metallic wires or flexible fibers, particularly in the form of springs (helixes) which end preferably perpendicularly to the implant surface and are permanently anchored in the core. Depending on the type of use, the wires or fibers may be disposed at an oblique angle or perpendicularly to the implant surface. Preferred are wires or fibers in the form of helixes. The wires or fibers fixed to the implant core are of such consistency that their modulus of elasticity (E modulus) essentially corresponds to that of the tissue that will later surround the surface matrix. In this way, the wires or fibers in the bone bond meet two conditions even under stresses of all types, such as tension, pressure, bending, torsion and shear forces:
1. it is assured that the load is distributed essentially uniformly over the length of the fiber or the wire from the end of the fibers or wires to the implant core;
2. no or only slight micromovement or relative movement is produced between the fibers or wires and the bone or the bone cells. Additionally, the wires and fibers, respectively, increase the area of adhesion between bone and implant.
According to a further feature of the invention, the matrix is completely or partially resorbable on the bone side and is preferably composed entirely or partially of natural bone substance. Suitable implant materials are body compatible organic, inorganic substances, or mixtures thereof; r
REFERENCES:
patent: 4051598 (1977-10-01), Sneer
patent: 4495664 (1985-01-01), Blanquaert
Munch, M., "Operating Instructions for the Immediate Implant According to M. Munch", Nurtingen, West Germany (1983), pp. 10, 11.
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