Immobilized enzymes and uses thereof

Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell;... – Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an organic...

Reexamination Certificate

Rate now

  [ 0.00 ] – not rated yet Voters 0   Comments 0

Details

C435S180000

Reexamination Certificate

active

08048660

ABSTRACT:
Disclosed are bioanodes comprising a quaternary ammonium treated Nafion® polymer membrane and a dehydrogenase incorporated within the treated Nafion® polymer. The dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an organic fuel and reduces an adenine dinucleotide. The ion conducting polymer membrane lies juxtaposed to a polymethylene green redox polymer membrane, which serves to electro-oxidize the reduced adenine dinucleotide. The bioanode is used in a fuel cell to produce high power densities.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4117202 (1978-09-01), Beck
patent: 4207076 (1980-06-01), Bove et al.
patent: 4224125 (1980-09-01), Nakamura et al.
patent: 4490464 (1984-12-01), Gorton et al.
patent: 4705503 (1987-11-01), Dorman et al.
patent: 4761209 (1988-08-01), Bonaventura et al.
patent: 5211984 (1993-05-01), Wilson
patent: 5262035 (1993-11-01), Gregg et al.
patent: 5262305 (1993-11-01), Heller et al.
patent: 5264092 (1993-11-01), Skotheim et al.
patent: 5264105 (1993-11-01), Gregg et al.
patent: 5320725 (1994-06-01), Gregg et al.
patent: 5356786 (1994-10-01), Heller et al.
patent: 5393615 (1995-02-01), Corey et al.
patent: 5521101 (1996-05-01), Saini et al.
patent: 5593852 (1997-01-01), Heller et al.
patent: 5665222 (1997-09-01), Heller et al.
patent: 5718947 (1998-02-01), Martin et al.
patent: 5820551 (1998-10-01), Hill et al.
patent: 5919583 (1999-07-01), Grot et al.
patent: 5958199 (1999-09-01), Miyamoto et al.
patent: 6294281 (2001-09-01), Heller
patent: 6294291 (2001-09-01), Ozaki et al.
patent: 6387625 (2002-05-01), Eckhardt et al.
patent: 6460733 (2002-10-01), Acker et al.
patent: 6500571 (2002-12-01), Liberatore et al.
patent: 6531239 (2003-03-01), Heller
patent: 2002/0025456 (2002-02-01), Gieshoff et al.
patent: 2002/0025469 (2002-02-01), Heller
patent: 2002/0122972 (2002-09-01), Klitsner et al.
patent: 2002/0127440 (2002-09-01), Yamamoto et al.
patent: 2003/0027023 (2003-02-01), Dutil et al.
patent: 2003/0039868 (2003-02-01), Liberatore et al.
patent: 2003/0087144 (2003-05-01), Sun et al.
patent: 2003/0148169 (2003-08-01), Willner et al.
patent: 2003/0164335 (2003-09-01), Grate et al.
patent: 2003/0198858 (2003-10-01), Sun et al.
patent: 2004/0101741 (2004-05-01), Minteer et al.
patent: 2004/0121018 (2004-06-01), Grate et al.
patent: 2004/0214053 (2004-10-01), Armstrong
patent: 2004/0217016 (2004-11-01), Khan
patent: 2005/0095466 (2005-05-01), Minteer et al.
patent: 2005/0101841 (2005-05-01), Kaylor et al.
patent: 0 300 802 (1989-01-01), None
patent: 0 667 397 (1995-08-01), None
patent: 0 747 984 (1996-12-01), None
patent: 90/05910 (1990-05-01), None
patent: 99/38002 (1999-07-01), None
patent: 00/22688 (2000-04-01), None
patent: 03/006713 (2003-01-01), None
patent: 03/019170 (2003-03-01), None
patent: 03/019705 (2003-03-01), None
patent: 03/067697 (2003-08-01), None
patent: 03/106966 (2003-12-01), None
patent: 2004/079848 (2004-09-01), None
patent: 2005/096430 (2005-10-01), None
Karyakin et al, Analytical Chemistry, 2002 (epub ahead of print: Mar. 5, 2002), vol. 74, pp. 1597-1603.
Advanced Enzymes “Glucose Oxidase, Enzyme, Glucose Oxidase Test, Glucose Oxidase Reaction, Glucose Oxidase Method, Glucose Oxidase Assay” accessed Mar. 12, 2008 at http://www.enzymeindia.com/enzymes/glucose-oxidase.asp.
“Alcohol Dehydrogenase” Worthington Enzyme Manual, accessed Nov. 4, 2003 at http://www.worthington-biochem.com/ADH/default.html.
Bahar, T., et al., “Immobilization of Alpha-Chymotrypsin onto Newly Produced Poly(Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate-co-methacrylic Acid) Hydrogel Beads,” Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2000, pp. 71-78, vol. 44.
Blaedel, W. J., et al., “Study of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,” Analytical Chemistry, Jul. 1975, pp. 1337-1343, vol. 47, No. 8.
Bogdanovskaya, V. A., et al., “Electroreduction of Oxygen on Carbon Black with Absorbed Peroxidase or a Peroxidase-Nafion Composite,” Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 2000, pp. 874-878, vol. 36, No. 8.
Buttry, D. A., et al., “Electrochemical Control of the Luminescent Lifetime of Ru(bpy)32+* Incorporated in Nafion Films on Graphite Electrodes,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982, pp. 4824-4829, vol. 104, No. 18.
Chen, T., et al., “A Miniature Biofuel Cell,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2001, pp. 8630-8631, vol. 123, No. 35.
Crecchio, C., et al., “Polyphenoloxidases Immobilized in Organic Gels: Properties and Applications in the Detoxification of Aromatic Compounds,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dec. 20, 1995, pp. 585-591, vol. 48, No. 6.
Davis, G., et al., “Bioelectrochemical Fuel Cell and Sensor Based on a Quinoprotein, Alcohol Dehydrogenase,” Enzyme Microbial Technology, Sep. 1983, pp. 383-388, vol. 5.
Demirel, G., et al., “Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) for Entrapment of Glucose Isomerase,” Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2006, pp. 389-394, vol. 66.
Durán, N., et al., “Applications of Laccases and Tyrosinases (Phenoloxidases) Immobilized on Different Supports: a Review,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002, pp. 907-931, vol. 31.
Fadnavis, N. W., et al., “Immobilized Enzymes in Reverse Micelles: Studies with Gel-entrapped Trypsin and Alpha-Chymotrypsin in AOT Reverse Micelles,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1989, pp. 1277-1282, vol. 33.
Fernández-Sanchez, C., et al., “Voltammetric Monitoring of Laccase-catalysed Mediated Reactions,” Bioelectrochemistry, 2002, pp. 149-156, vol. 58.
Frébortova, J., et al., “Intramolecular Electron Transport in Quinoprotein Alcohol Dehydrogenase of Acetobacter Methanolicus: A Redox-Titration Study,” Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1998, pp. 24-34, vol. 1363.
Glucose Oxidase Pathway accessed on Mar. 12, 2008 at http://www.biochemj.org/bj/347/0553/bj3470553f03.gif.
Gouda, M. D., et al., “Stability Studies on Immobilized Glucose Oxidase Using an Amperometric Biosensor—Effect of Protein Based Stabilizing Agents,” Electroanalysis, 2001, pp. 849-855, vol. 13, No. 10.
Green, D. W., et al., “Inversion of the Substrate Specificity of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1993, pp. 7792-7798, vol. 268, No. 11.
Guillén, F., et al., “Oxygen Activation During Oxidation of Methoxyhydroquinones by Laccase fromPleurotus eryngii,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Jan. 2000, pp. 170-175, vol. 66, No. 1.
Hsu, A.-F., et al., “Immobilization of Lipoxygenase in an Alginate-silicate Solgel Matrix: Formation of Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides,” Biotechnology Letters, Jan. 1997, pp. 71-74, vol. 19, No. 1.
Huang, H., et al., “Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis with Heme Proteins in Chitosan Biopolymer Films,” Analytical Biochemistry, 2002, pp. 141-151, vol. 308.
Ivnitski, D., et al., “Glucose Oxidase Anode for Biofuel Cell Based on Direct Electron Transfer,” Electrochemistry Communications, 2006, pp. 1204-1210, vol. 8.
Jin, L., et al., “A Study of Uricase Biosensor Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nafion and Methyl Viologen,” Mikrochimica Acta, 1993, pp. 71-75, vol. 112.
Karyakin, A. A., et al., “Improvement of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Enzyme Immobilization from Water-Organic Mixtures with a High Content of Organic Solvent,” Analytical Chemistry, Dec. 15, 1996, pp. 4335-4341, vol. 68, No. 24.
Kim, H. H., et al., “A Miniature Membrane-less Biofuel Cell Operating Under Physiological Conditions at 0.5 V,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2003, pp. A209-A213, vol. 150, No. 2.
Klotzbach, T., et al., “Effects of Hydrophobic Modification of Chitosan and Nafion on Transport Properties, Ion-Exchange Capacities, and Enzyme Immobilization,” Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, pp. 276-283, vol. 282.
Krajewska, B., “Application of Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Materials for Enzyme Immobilizations: A Review,

LandOfFree

Say what you really think

Search LandOfFree.com for the USA inventors and patents. Rate them and share your experience with other people.

Rating

Immobilized enzymes and uses thereof does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Immobilized enzymes and uses thereof, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Immobilized enzymes and uses thereof will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

     

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4297842

  Search
All data on this website is collected from public sources. Our data reflects the most accurate information available at the time of publication.