Refrigeration – Processes – Fractionally solidifying a constituent and separating the same
Patent
1994-08-29
1996-06-18
Capossela, Ronald C.
Refrigeration
Processes
Fractionally solidifying a constituent and separating the same
62123, B01D 904
Patent
active
055266533
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field)
The processes and apparatus of the present invention are related to (a) air conditioning with heat upgrading by an absorption operation and (b) cool thermal storage that can be charged during off peak hours of power consumption and be discharged to provide air conditioning during peak hours of power consumption.
2. Background Art
Since Immediate Heat Upgrading Absorption Air Conditioning System [IHUA Systems] of the present invention can provide air conditioning by absorption for big areas and small areas and can also provide cool thermal storages by storing water and concentrated absorbing solutions, prior art on (a) absorption air conditioning, and (b) cool thermal storage are reviewed in the following:
2A. Absorption Air Conditioning
A large-scale absorption air conditioning process comprises (a) a step of producing a stream of chilled liquid such as water or an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol at around 7.2.degree. C. (45.degree. F.), in an absorption liquid chiller and (b) a step of circulating a stream of the chilled liquid through air handlers to remove heat from indoor air and thereby return the liquid at around 15.5.degree. C. (16.degree. F.). Manufacturers of absorption chillers are Trane Corp. in Wisconsin and Carrier Corp. in New York State. There are several manufacturers in Japan includint Mitsubishi and Yasaki. A commercial absorption liquid chiller has a large vacuum enclosure enclosing (a) an evaporation zone, (b) an absorption zone, (c) a regeneration zone and (d) a condensation zone. The processing steps are as follows: formation of a first vapor and mass of internal chilled water at around 4.4.degree. C. (40.degree. F.). An external chill water at a first temperature around 15.5.degree. C. (60.degree. F.) then exchange heat with the internal chill water thereby cooled to a second temperature at around 7.2.degree. C. (45.degree. F.). The chilled external chill water is then circulated to air handlers and heated to the first temperature and returned to he liquid chiller; strong absorbing solution such as 65% equeous lithium bromide solution. The absorbing solution is thereby diluted and becomes a weak absorbing solution, say 60% lithium bromide. The heat of absorption is released to a cooling water stream; it is heated and vaporized to generate a second water vapor and becomes a strong absorbing solution that is heat exchanged and returned to the absorbing zone; water stream and the condensate formed is heat exchanged and returned to the evaporation zone.
The operations in a small conventional absorption air conditioner are similar to those of a larger unit described, except that the internal chilled water produced in the evaporation zone is circulated directly to an air handler.
In contrast, a system of the present invention uses one or more immediate Heat Upgrading Air Handlers, in which latent heat of vaporization is taken directly from indoor air or outdoor air without forming an intermediate chill water stream.
2B. Cool Thermal Storage
Chilled water, ice or a phase change material can be used as a cool storage medium. During a charging period, a cool storage medium is cooled and taken to a low enthalpy state, such as chilled water, ice, hydrate crystals; during a dis-charging period, the medium is heated and taken to a high enthalpy state. In contrast, during a charging period, the cool storing medium of a system of the present invention is taken to a high free energy state or a low entropy state, i.e. strong absorbing solution and water, and during a dis-charging period, the medium is taken to a low free energy state or a high entropy state, i.e. a weak absorbing solution. The conventional system are described as follows:
(a) Chilled Water Storage Systems drawback is that the mass of water needed to provide a given cool storage capacity is large. Water stores cooling capacity by a decrease in its temperature. Chilled water storage is traditionally designed on a 11.1.degree. C. (20.degree. F.) temperature rise. Therefore, it ta
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