Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1995-04-11
1997-05-20
Higel, Floyd D.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
210167, 210169, 210749, 210765, 5482666, 5483137, 5483144, 5483654, 514383, 514406, C07D23358, C07D23356, A01N 4350, A01N 4356, A01N 43653, C02F 1150
Patent
active
056312741
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/GB93/02030 filed Sep. 29, 1993.
The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms, especially bacteria and algae, in swimming pools and spas, particularly a method of treatment involving biologically active compounds which also exhibit some compatibility with chlorine, and to certain of the compounds themselves.
The water in swimming pools is constantly recirculated and fresh water is normally added only during the initial filling of the pool or during normal pool maintenance to maintain the desired volume. Although the water is filtered, usually continuously, to remove suspended matter, the water in the pool becomes contaminated by micro-organisms such as bacteria and algae and consequently requires the presence of biologically active compounds to inhibit this growth of micro-organisms for reasons of both hygiene and the aesthetic appearance of the water.
Although many different chemicals have been proposed as biologically active compounds in swimming pools in order to eliminate or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms, such chemicals must be carefully selected in order to provide protection from infection, ensure the health and comfort of bathers (e.g. taste, smell and feel of the water), compatibility with pool equipment (e.g. pumps) and compatibility with other pool chemicals.
It is conventional to add halogens to the water column, especially chlorine. This latter may be added as free chlorine, or more conveniently in the form of chlorine release compounds, such as isocyanurates. Isocyanurates, especially as alkaline earth salts, account for the largest usage of chlorine release compounds, particularly in the private swimming pool sector.
Major disadvantages of chlorine and chlorine release compounds are that they cause eye irritation and affect bathers with sensitive skin. Furthermore, for effective control of micro-organisms the level of chlorine in the water must be maintained at relatively high levels which requires regular additions of the chemicals to the water.
It is also conventional to inject ozonised air into the water to inhibit microbiological growth. Although ozone is an effective disinfectant, it is expensive and requires specialised dosing equipment and frequent additions to maintain the requisite minimum level of ozone. This method also suffers from the disadvantage that since high concentrations of ozonised air are injected into the pool at inlet ports, bathers having sensitive skin can be adversely affected and many bathers find the smell of ozone to be objectionable and it can cause headaches in certain individuals.
It has also been proposed in GB 1,407,258 to add a polymeric biguanide to the water of a pool to prevent or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms, especially bacteria and algae. At the levels of use required for effective disinfection, the biguanides do not cause skin irritation, even in bathers with sensitive skins. Furthermore, the biguanide is more persistent in the water and thus requires less frequent additions to maintain the desired level of protection than in the case of chlorine, chlorine release chemicals or ozonised air. Although acceptable to bathers, the biguanides may complex with certain metals to produce unpleasant and sticky gums which can adversely affect the filter of the swimming pool. Furthermore, during prolonged usage in a pool, certain algae can become resistent to the biguanide. It is, therefore, conventional to supplement the biguanide with hydrogen peroxide and/or quaternary ammonium compounds. However, hydrogen peroxide in concentrated form is corrosive and a potential fire hazard and requires careful handling and storage. Also, many quaternary ammonium compounds cause foaming which is objectionable in a swimming pool and can adversely affect the performance of the circulation pump. Furthermore, many quaternary ammonium compounds cause eye irritation and decompose to give objectionable fishy odours which are difficult to remove or produce a stable, clear, green colour in the
REFERENCES:
patent: 2271378 (1942-01-01), Searle
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patent: 3853907 (1974-12-01), Edwards
patent: 3855235 (1974-12-01), McConnell
patent: 4684736 (1987-08-01), Topel
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 80, No. 6, Feb. 11, 1974, abstract No. 30718j "Antihelminthic preparation based on imidazole derivatives", p. 250, & FR,M,8 357 (Feb. 8, 1971).
Austin Peter W.
Barlow Clive H.
Bothwell Brian D.
Collins Andrew N.
James Mark R.
Higel Floyd D.
Zeneca Limited
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