Image analysis – Image segmentation
Reexamination Certificate
1996-04-04
2003-04-15
Chen, Wenpeng (Department: 2624)
Image analysis
Image segmentation
C382S176000, C358S448000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06549657
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates an image processing apparatus and method, particularly an image processing apparatus and method for producing a high-quality output of an image.
2. Description of the Related Art
When a document created and edited by a computer is outputted as a hard copy, generally this is implemented by the following procedure: A printer driver or the like operated by the computer replaces the document information by a group of commands describing image information, and the group of commands is transferred to a command interpreter in an image output unit. The command interpreter creates a raster image in conformity with the group of commands received and sends the raster image to an image output section.
This command system for describing image information is referred to as page description language (PDL), typical examples of which are PostScript (registered trademark) and Capsl (registered trademark).
The construction of a system which uses PDL is illustrated in FIG.
9
. The system includes a host computer
801
which designates a hard-copy output, a PDL interpreter
802
, an image memory
803
, a binarizing circuit
804
, a printer
805
and a controller
806
for controlling the PDL interpreter
802
, image memory
803
, binarizing circuit
804
and printer
805
.
The host computer
801
transfers data, such as a document to be outputted as a hard copy, to the PDL interpreter
802
as PDL data. The PDL interpreter
802
converts the PDL data, which have been accepted from the host computer
801
, to raster image data and writes the raster image data in an image memory
803
.
When the interpreter
802
converts all of the PDL data sent from the host computer
801
to raster image data, the interpreter notifies the controller
806
of the end of processing. Upon being notified of the end of processing by the PDL interpreter
802
, the controller
806
transfers the raster image data, which have been stored in the image memory
803
, to the printer
805
and causes the printer
805
to output a hard-copy image.
The data that have been stored in the image memory
803
generally possess information on the order of eight bits (256 grays) per pixel. This means that if the printer
805
is of the ink-jet type in which one pixel can only be expressed by a binary value indicative of black or white, the data that have been stored in the image memory
803
cannot be transferred to the printer
805
as is. In such case the controller
806
operates in such a manner that the data stored in the image memory
803
are transferred to the printer
805
after they are converted to binary information by the binarizing circuit
804
.
A case in which an image of the kind shown in
FIG. 10
is outputted as a hard copy by the system of
FIG. 9
will be considered.
As shown in
FIG. 10
, numeral
901
denotes a continuous grayscale image obtained by reading a silver chloride photograph using a scanner,
902
character information created by a word processor, and
903
,
904
a pie graph and a line graph, respectively, created using the graphing function of tabulation software.
In such a case where a plurality of images having different characteristics are contained in a single overall image, the following difficulties arise when eight-bit date are converted to one-bit data by the binarizing circuit
804
:
(1) When simple binarization is performed as by adopting “1” as the value for values of 128 (which is the intermediate value of the 256 gray levels) or greater and “0” as the value for values of 127 or less, the tonality or shading of the continuous grayscale image portion is lost. Further, it becomes difficult to distinguish among the pie segments of the pie graph, which expresses the segments by shading the segments using different levels in the 256 gray levels. The result is loss of information.
(2) When pseudo-halftone binarization such as the error-diffusion method is used, the drawbacks mentioned in (1) above are eliminated. However, black dots are produced in the vicinity of the characters or of the lines of the line graph. This leads to an unattractive appearance and to the blurring of lines.
These shortcomings are encountered not only in ink-jet printers which form binary images but also, though to a somewhat different extent, in printers which form binary images by a different printing method and in printers having an expression capability better than that of binary.
The following methods of solving these problems are available:
(A) Two bitmap memories, one for a binary image and one for a continuous grayscale image, are provided, data representing a character or line drawing suited to simple binarization are written in the bitmap memory for the binary image, and data representing the continuous grayscale image suited to pseudo-halftone binarization are written in the bitmap memory for the continuous grayscale image. At the time of output, the data stored in the respective memories are binarized by the methods suited thereto and the binarized data are then transferred to the printer.
(B) An image-area discriminating circuit is provided on the input side of a binarizing circuit and is used to determine, pixel by pixel, whether data which enter the binarizing circuit represent a continuous grayscale image or a character or line drawing. The binarizing method performed by the binarizing circuit is switched, on a per-pixel basis, in accordance with the determination made.
However, the following problems still remain even if these methods are employed:
According to method (A), the type of image data (character/line drawing or continuous grayscale image, etc.) can be ascertained by referring to the PDL data, and it is possible to change over the storage location of the raster-image data accordingly. However, since it is necessary to provide the PDL interpreter with this function, the PDL interpreter must be modified.
According to method (B), the raster-image data converted from the PDL data are subjected to well-known image-area discrimination processing in which reference is made to a density histogram or a density gradient of density between neighboring pixels. As a result, discrimination errors tend to occur. For example, if a continuous grayscale image portion is mistakenly discriminated as a character portion, only this erroneously discriminated grayscale image portion will be simply binarized. The result will be output of an unnatural image.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus and method whereby it is possible to produce a high-quality output of an image which is a mixture of images having different characteristics, such as characters, line drawings and continuous grayscale images.
According to the present invention, the foregoing object is attained by providing an image processing apparatus comprising input means for entering image data and storing the image data in first storage means, discriminating means for discriminating an image, pixel by pixel, by referring to the image data that have been stored in the first storage means, and storing a discrimination code representing results of discrimination in second storage means, readout means for reading the image data stored in the first storage means and reading the discrimination code, which corresponds to these image data, out of the second storage means, first and second processing means for applying different image processing to the image data read out of the first storage means by the readout means, and selecting means for selecting an output from the first or second processing means in conformity with the discrimination code read out of the second storage means by the readout means.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus and method whereby it is possible to recognize the features of an image, which has been entered from external equipment, and output an image adaptively in conformity with the feature recognized.
According to the present inventi
Funada Masahiro
Matsukubo Yushi
Ohta Ken-ichi
Yamakawa Junichi
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
Chen Wenpeng
Fitzpatrick ,Cella, Harper & Scinto
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