Hypoxia inducible promoter

Details Hypoxia inducible promoter Hypoxia inducible promoter

2000-03-08

2003-04-01

Ketter, James (Department: 1636)

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Carbohydrates or derivatives

C435S320100

Reexamination Certificate

active

06541621

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to nucleic acid sequences encoding a novel regulatory element that induces a high level of expression to operably linked genes, upon exposure to anaerobic conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a critical enzyme in the anaerobic-specific fermentation pathway. PDC nonoxidatively decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde which is very toxic to plants. Acetaldehyde is then reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), regenerating NAD+ which is then utilized in the glycolytic pathway to maintain carbon flow through this pathway under anaerobic conditions. Switching energy production from aerobic glycolysis to anaerobic fermentation is one of the major metabolic adaptations plants undertake when they are submerged or confronted with a lack of oxygen. The importance of increased rates of alcoholic fermentation (AF) under anaerobic conditions was demonstrated by several experimental observations:
(i) enzymes for AF often increase;
(ii) mutants without ADH die more rapidly during anoxia;
(iii) increased tolerance to anoxia comes from hypoxic pretreatments and presumably induction of enzymes of AF;
(iv) high sugar supply increases survival—presumably due to increased rates of AF; and
(v) rates of AF are related to tolerance of several species to waterlogging or flooding. It has also been suggested that the rate of AF is limited by PDC.
The role of ADH in metabolism and survival of anoxic maize root tips has been investigated by comparing the ethanol production of isogenic lines differing in ADH activity over a ~200-fold range. It was concluded that ADH activity in wild-type maize root tips was not a limiting factor for energy production via fermentation and did not determine viability under anoxia. This conclusion was further supported by additional experiments showing that 70% of the hypoxia acclimated root tips of Adhl null maize survived up to 24 hours of anoxia, whereas only 10% of the unacclimated root tips survived for 6 hours of anoxia. It was also concluded that the high levels of ADH activity inducible in acclimated wild-type maize root tips are in excess of that required to increase rates of fermentation. Thus, PDC, being the first enzyme in the AF pathway, may play a key regulatory role in energy production in cells exposed to hypoxic conditions.
It has been reported that over-expression of a pdc gene from
Zymonionas mobilis
in tobacco cells results in higher levels of acetaldehyde and ethanol formation, supporting the idea that PDC is likely to be the key regulator of anaerobic metabolism. Unfortunately, the measurements made in this study were only up to 24 hours after anoxia treatment which did not allow for an evaluation of tolerance under long-term anoxia. Moreover, rice might have different mechanisms of submergence tolerance than tobacco as evidenced by the fact that it is relatively more tolerant among other monocots.
Genes encoding PDC have been cloned and characterized from maize (Kelley et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 17: 1259-1261, 1991), yeast (Kellerman et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 8963-8977, 1986), and bacteria (Conway et al., J. Bact. 169: 949-954, 1987). Recently, the isolation and characterization of two pdc cDNA's and two genomic clones from rice have been reported, and an additional partial cDNA clone named pdc4 has also been reported. The present invention is directed to the characterization of the pdc2 gene and the relative induction of the pdc1 and pdc2 genes over time in both shoots and roots under anaerobic conditions. The present disclosure also presents the map locations of these genes on rice chromosomes and predicts the locations of orthologous loci on maize, oat, and Triticeae chromosomes. The evolutionary relationships among pdc genes from rice, maize, yeast, and bacteria are also discussed.


REFERENCES:
Gallie. 1998. Controlling gene expression in transgenics. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 1:166-172.*
Huq et al. 1997.GenEmbl Accession U38199. See enclosed sequence search report, Result 1.*
Chen et al. 1997.GenEmbl Accession U70541. See enclosed sequence search report, Result 2.*
Kellerman et al., “Analysis of the Primary Structure of the Power Promoter Function of a pyruvate decarboxylase Gene fromSaccharomyces Cerevisea” Nucleic Acid Research, 14: 8963-8977, 1986.
Kelley et al.Plant Molecular Biology, 17: 1259-1261, 1991.
Conway et al. “Promoter and Nucleotide Sequences of theZymomonas mobilisPyruvate Decarboxylase”Journal of Bacteriology, 169: 949-954 1987.
de Vetten, N.C., “Transcriptional Regulation of Environmentally Inducible Genes in Plants by Evolutionary Conserved Family of G-box Binding Factors”Int. J. Biochem., Sep. 1994, vol. 26, pp. 1055-1068.
Causse et al. “Saturated Molecular Map of the Rice Genome Based on an Interspecific Backross Population”Genetics, Dec. 1994, vol. 138, No. 4, pp. 1251-1274.
Crawford, R.M.M et al. “Oxygen Deprivation Stress in a Changing Environment”J. Exp. Botany, Feb. 1996, vol. 47, No. 295, pp. 145-159.
Olive et al. “The Anaerobic Responsive Element Contains Two GC-rich Sequences Essential for Binding a Nuclear Protein and Hypoxic Activation of the Maize Adh1 Promoter”Nucleic Acids Res., Dec. 1991, vol. 19, pp. 7053-7060.
Rivoal et al. “Differential Induction of Pyruvate Decarboxylase Subunits and Transcripts in Anoxic Rice Seedlings.”Plant Physiology, vol. 114, pp. 1021-1029, 1997.
Johnson et al. “Hypoxic Induction of Anoxia Tolerance in Roots ofAdh 1Null Zea mays L.”Plant Physiology, vol. 105, pp. 61-67, 1994.
Dolferus et al. “Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of theArabidopsis AdhGene.”Plant Physiology, vol. 105, pp. 1075-1087, 1994.
Hossain et al. “Sequence of cDNA fromOryza sativa(L.) Encoding the Pyruvate Decarboxylase 1 Gene.”Plant Physiology, vol. 106, pp. 799-800, 1994.
Setter et al. “Physiology and Genetics of Submergence Tolerance in Rice.”Annals of Botany, vol. 79, supplement A, pp. 67-77, 1997.
Ferl and Laughner “In vivo detection of regulatory factor binding sites ofArabidopsis thaliana Adh.” Plant Molecular Biology, vol. 12, pp. 357-366, 1989.
Hossain et al. “Nucleotide Sequence of a Rice Genomic Pyruvate Decarboxylase GEne that Lacks Introns: A Pseudo-Gene?”Plant Physiology, vol. 106, pp. 1697-1698, 1994.
Bailey-Serres and Freeling “Hypoxic Stress-induced Changes in Ribosomes of Maize Seedling Roots.”Plant Physiology, vol. 94, pp. 1237-1243, 1990.
Huq et al. (1995) Cloning and Sequencing of a cDNA Encoding Pyruvate Decarboxylase 2 Gene (Accession No. U27305) from Rice.Plant Physiology109:722.
Huq et al. (1997) Characterization of a cDNA Encoding a Polyubiquitin Gene in Rice (Accession No. U37687).Plant Physiology113: 305.

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Hypoxia inducible promoter does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Hypoxia inducible promoter, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Hypoxia inducible promoter will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3055913