Hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin

Details Hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin Hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin

2001-09-19

2002-06-04

Kifle, Bruck (Department: 1624)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...

C540S456000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06399626

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin, which are useful in inducing immunosuppression and in the treatment of transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases, solid tumors, fungal infections, and vascular disease or disorders.
Rapamycin is a macrocyclic triene antibiotic produced by
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
, which was found to have antifungal activity, particularly against
Candida albicans
, both in vitro and in vivo [C. Vezina et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 721 (1975) ; S. N. Sehgal et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 727 (1975); H. A. Baker et al., J. Antibiot. 31, 539 (1978); U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,992; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,749]. Additionally, rapamycin alone (U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,171) or in combination with picibanil (U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,653) has been shown to have antitumor activity. The immunosuppressive effects of rapamycin have been disclosed in FASEB 3, 3411 (1989). Cyclosporin A and FK-506, other macrocyclic molecules, also have been shown to be effective as immunosuppressive agents, therefore useful in preventing transplant rejection [FASEB 3, 3411 (1989); FASEB 3, 5256 (1989); R. Y. Calne et al., Lancet 1183 (1978); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,899]. R. Martel et al. [Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55, 48 (
1977)
] disclosed that rapamycin is effective in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model, a model for multiple sclerosis; in the adjuvant arthritis model, a model for rheumatoid arthritis; and effectively inhibited the formation of IgE-like antibodies.
Rapamycin is also useful in preventing or treating systemic lupus erythematosus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,999], pulmonary inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,899], insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,009], skin disorders, such as psoriasis [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,730], bowel disorders [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,731], smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal thickening following vascular injury [U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,711 and 5,516,781], adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma [European Patent Application 525,960 A1], ocular inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,589], malignant carcinomas [U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,018], cardiac inflammatory disease [U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,832], and anemia [U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,138].
A rapamycin ester, rapamycin 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid [disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,718], also known as CCI-779, has been shown to have antitumor activity against a variety of tumor cell lines, in in vivo animal tumor models, and in Phase I clinical trials. [Gibbons, J., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40: 301 (1999); Geoerger, B., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40: 603 (1999); Alexandre, J., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40: 613 (1999); and Alexandre, J., Clin. Cancer. Res. 5 (November Supp.): Abstr. 7 (1999)].
The preparation and use of 7-desmethylrapamycin and certain derivatives thereof are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,710.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin having the structure
wherein
R
1
and R
2
are each, independently, hydrogen or —CO(CR
3
R
4
)
b
(CR
5
R
6
)
d
CR
7
R
8
R
9
;
R
3
and R
4
are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl, or —F;
R
5
and R
6
are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, —(CR
3
R
4
)
f
OR
10
, —CF
3
, —F, or —CO
2
R
11
;
R
7
is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, —(CR
3
R
4
)
f
OR
10
,—CF
3
, —F, or —CO
2
R
11
;
R
8
and R
9
are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, —(CR
3
R
4
)
f
OR
10
, —CF
3
, —F, or —CO
2
R
11
;
R
10
is hydrogen;
R
11
is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms;
b=0-6;
d=0-6;
f=0-6;
with the proviso that R
1
and R
2
are both not hydrogen and further provided that either R
1
or R
2
contains at least one —(CR
3
R
4
)
f
OR
10
group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which are useful for inducing immunosuppression, and in the treatment of transplantation rejection, graft vs. host disease, autoimmune diseases, diseases of inflammation, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, solid tumors, fungal infections, cardiovascular disease, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease or hyperproliferative vascular disorders.
When applicable, pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed from organic and inorganic bases (i.e., when a compound contains a free hydroxyl group), such as alkali metal salts (for example, sodium, lithium, or potassium) alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts, alkylammonium salts containing 1-6 carbon atoms or dialkylammonium salts containing 1-6 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, and trialkylammonium salts containing 1-6 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, when the rapamycin or antiestrogen contains a suitable acidic moiety.
This invention covers compounds in which the stereochemistry of the 7-position is racemic (R,S) as well as the individual R and S stereoisomers at the 7-position.
As used in accordance with this invention, the term “providing,” with respect to providing a compound or substance covered by this invention, means either directly administering such a compound or substance, or administering a prodrug, derivative, or analog which will form the equivalent amount of the compound or substance within the body.
Of the compounds of this invention, 7-desmethylrapamycin 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid is specifically preferred.
The reagents used in the preparation of the compounds of this invention can be either commercially obtained or can be prepared by standard procedures described in the literature.
The preparation of the hydroxyesters of rapamycin, from which the 7-desmethylrapamycin hydroxyesters are made from, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,718, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The conversion of the 7-(S)-methoxy group of the rapamycin hydroxyester to the 7-(R,S)-hydroxy group can be accomplished by nucleophilic substitution in the mixture of water and aprotic organic solvent such as acetonitrile in acidic condition. The ratio of aqueous to organic solvent is preferred between 1:9 and 9:1, more preferred is between 1:2 and 2:1. Most preferred ratio of aqueous to organic solvent is 1:1. Resolution of the 7-isomers can be accomplished by standard methodology, such as preparative HPLC.
The antifungal activity for the hydroxyesters of 7-desmethylrapamycin of this invention was confirmed in a standard pharmacological test procedure which measured the ability of the compound being evaluated to inhibit fungal growth. 7-Desmethylrapamycin 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid (Compound I) was evaluated as a representative compound of this invention. The procedure used and results obtained are briefly described below. A 96 U-bottom microtiter plate was filled (50 &mgr;l/well) with RPMI 1640. The compounds to be evaluated were placed in appropriate wells, and serial diluted in successive wells to provide 11 dilutions. The concentrations ranged from 64 through 0.06 &mgr;g/ml. An adjusted inoculum of fungi (50 &mgr;l) was added to each well and the plates were incubated at 35° C. for 24-48 hours. The MIC is the lowest concentration of compound which completely inhibited growth of organism in the wells. The following table shows the results obtained in this standard pharmacological test procedure. Where the same fungi is listed more than once, it indicates that more than one strain was evaluated. Nystatin and amphotericin B were used for the purpose of comparison.
TABLE 1
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY (MIC in &mgr;g/mL)
Com-
Ampho-
Yeast/ Fungi
ID
pound I
Nystat

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