Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Sulfonic acids or salts thereof
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-02
2002-12-31
Henderson, Christopher (Department: 1713)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Sulfonic acids or salts thereof
Reexamination Certificate
active
06500981
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to new ethylenically unsaturated monomers derived from the reaction of epoxy substituted alkenes and sodium bisulfite. The instant invention is also directed to polymers derived from the above ethylenically unsaturated monomers. This invention also relates to a new ethylenically unsaturated monomer derived from the reaction of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene and sodium bisulfite. The invention is also directed to a new compound known as 4-hydroxy-3-sulfonic acid-1-butene and metallic salts thereof. This invention further relates to polymers and copolymers derived from 4-hydroxy-3-sulfonic acid-1-butene, metallic salts thereof and ammonium and amine salts thereof. The present invention is also directed to self-dispersing polymers and copolymers containing the novel ethylenically unsaturated monomer of the instant invention.
This invention also relates to polymerizable sulfonic acid derivatives, to processes for their production and to their use as emulsifiers for aqueous emulsions. The invention is further directed to polymers synthesized from the emulsifiers and other monomers.
The present invention also relates to a method of producing an aqueous polymer emulsion having excellent stability. More specifically, the present invention is also intended for producing an aqueous emulsion containing substantially no emulsifier and relates to a method of producing an aqueous polymer emulsion remarkably elevated in chemical stability by copolymerizing a specific amount of a particular vinyl monomer containing hydroxy and sulfonate moiteies as an indispensable copolymerization component.
The present invention also relates to polymeric compositions specially acrylic resin compositions having excellent permanent antistatic properties and a method for the production thereof.
The instant invention also relates to novel ampholyte polymers, polymer compositions and methods for using such polymers and compositions in personal care applications. In general terms, the polymers and polymer compositions of the present invention are believed to be useful in the treatment of keratin-containing substrates. Keratin substrates include, but are not limited to, animal and human hair, skin and nails.
More particularly, the instant invention relates to polymer compositions and methods for treating keratin in which a cosmetically acceptable medium is used which contains at least about 0.01% by weight of an ampholyte polymer comprising acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride or methacrylamido-propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-sulfonic acid-1-butene sodium salt and, optionally, an alkyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, the cosmetically acceptable medium is a hair care product such as a shampoo, conditioner, styling product or rinse, or a skin care product such as a cleaner, lotion or cream.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In order to maintain the stability of aqueous polymer emulsions, it has been generally the practice heretofore in producing such emulsions to add a low molecular weight emulsifier upon polymerization or to compound a low molecular weight emulsifier or dispersant after polymerization. In recent years, there is an increasing demand in using aqueous polymer emulsions for paints, cement or mortar mixing, adhesives, textile treatment and paper processing. For such applications, the emulsion in intact form is usually used and not the polymer itself removed from the emulsion. Accordingly, when the emulsion contains an emulsifier or dispersant, foaming of the emulsion will occur on account of the emulsifier, etc. contained, and this makes it handling upon processing extremely difficult. Of course, the addition of a defoaming agent is attempted to prevent foaming, but when such an emulsion containing a defoaming agent is used for the above-mentioned purposes such as paint or cement, the mechanical strength or moisture-proofing of the film or shaped product will be seriously lowered by the secondary action of the emulsifier or defoaming agent, and this will constitute a great hindrance in practical use.
In order to obviate the defects attendant on such emulsifier-containing emulsions, aqueous emulsions free from low molecular weight emulsifiers have been noted in recent years, and many research investigations are being made of such emulsifier-free aqueous polymer emulsions or methods for producing the same.
Emulsifier-free aqueous polymer emulsions have various excellent features in comparison with the conventional emulsifier-containing emulsions. But on the other side, they involve a defect such that they are remarkably low in chemical stability, particularly in the stability against electrolytes, in comparison with the usual emulsifier-containing emulsions, and easily precipitate or coagulate by the addition of a small amount of electrolytes. Such defects present various problems and pose difficulties in practical use for applications wherein large amounts of electrolytes and other substances are mixed, as in paints, cement or mortar mixing, adhesives, paper processing and textile treatment.
Furthermore, in the emulsion (suspension) polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, :one or more surfactants (or emulsifiers) are employed conventionally to emulsify the monomer reactant(s) and the resulting polymer product latex. Such surfactants do not become chemically bonded to the polymer product molecule by carbon to carbon bonding (as distinct from a physical mixture, being absorbed on the polymer product or the like). It has been suggested that the small amount of surfactant which remains in the polymer product latex may interfere with performance of products, e.g., coatings and adhesives, prepared from such latex. U.S. Pat. No. 3,941,857 reports that coatings prepared from vinyl chloride/olefin copolymers show inconsistent performance in hot water resistance and tend to be sensitive to water in that pitting or “blushing” (a whitening effect) may sporadically occur, particularly after exposure of the coating to boiling water for extended periods. Such a performance characteristic is detrimental to certain end uses for such copolymers, e.g., container and paper coatings, interior and exterior coatings, industrial coatings, automotive coatings and certain adhesives.
Various proposals have been made for avoiding the reported adverse effects of surfactant residues in emulsion polymerized polymers. U.S. Pat. No. 3,941,857 describes incorporating a small amount of an epoxy resin with a vinyl chloride/olefin copolymer resin before casting a film from the resin. U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,608 describes the use of esters of an alkenoic acid selected from the group consisting of cinnamic acid and alkenoic acids of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms with a hydroxyalkane sulfonic acid in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers. These esters serve the dual function of emulsifier and co-monomer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,455 describes a class of ringed sulfonated half esters of maleic anhydride and alkoxylated alkyl arylols. These esters are reported to be anionic emulsifiers (surfactants) and reactive functional monomers that are copolymerizable under emulsion polymerization conditions. U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,185 describes use of a reactive polymeric surfactant which is a substantially linear synthetic water-soluble surfactant whose polymeric backbone is derived from the polymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and which polymeric surfactant has a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 40,000 and contains various functional groups.
Also it is well known that acrylic resins have excellent gloss, transparency weatherability, excellent mechanical properties, and processability, and hence, are widely used for the preparation of advertising displays, lighting fixtures, covers, nameplates, and various decorations. However, because of their static properties, the acrylic resin products are easily charged by rubbing, etc. and the surface thereof is adhered with dust or rubbish, which
Angres Isaac A.
Ethox Chemicals LLC
Henderson Christopher
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