Hydrophilic side-chain polymer electrolyte membranes

Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Having magnetic field feature

Reexamination Certificate

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C429S010000, C429S006000, C073S009000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06989205

ABSTRACT:
Exemplary methods for the characterization of proton dissociation and transport for hydrophilic components of hydrated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (PEM's) is described. Disclosed features and specifications may be variously implemented, controlled, adapted or otherwise optionally modified to improve differential hydrophilicity of the sidechain of any ionomeric PEM material. A representative embodiment of the present invention generally provides for the amelioration of electro-osmotic drag of water by protons, for example, in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4358545 (1982-11-01), Ezzell et al.
Stephen J. Paddison et al., “A Statistical Mechanical Model of Proton and Water Transport in a Proton Exchange Membrane,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 147 (2), 2000, pp. 617-626.
Stephen J. Paddison et al., “Ion and Water Transport in a Nafion Membrane Pore: A Statistical Mechanical Model With Molecular Structure,” Electrochemical Society Proceedings, vol. 98-27, pp. 106-120.
Curt M. Breneman et al., “Determining Atom-Centered Monopoles From Molecular Electrostatic Potentials. The Need for High Sampling Density in Formamide Conformational Analysis,” Journal of Computational Chemistry, vol. 11, No. 3, 1990, pp. 361-373.
Stephen J. Paddison, “Proton Friction and Diffusion Coefficients in Hydrated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: Computations With a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanical Model,” Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 115, No. 16, Oct. 22, 2001, pp. 7753-7761.
H. Bernhard Schlegel, “Optimization of Equilibrium Geometries and Transition Structures,” Journal of Computational Chemistry, vol. 3, No. 2, 1982, pp. 214-218.
Axel D. Becke, “Density-Functional Thermochemistry. III. The Role of Exact Exchange,” J. Chem. Phys. 98 (7), Apr. 1, 1993, pp. 5648-5652.
P.C. Hariharan et al., “The Influence of Polarization Functions on Molecular Orbital Hydrogenation Energies,” Theoret. Chiro. Acta (Berl.) 28, 1973, pp. 213-222.

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