Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid – Multiple fluid-operated motors
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-01
2001-09-04
Casaregola, Louis J. (Department: 3746)
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
Multiple fluid-operated motors
C060S039465, C060S039520
Reexamination Certificate
active
06282883
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydrogen burning turbine plant for burning hydrogen and oxygen to generate steam for thereby driving a turbine, and specifically to such a turbine plant in which a turbine operation at a starting time of the plant is facilitated, and a steam utilizing efficiency is enhanced.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A concept of a hydrogen burning turbine plant in which hydrogen and oxygen are burned in a combustion apparatus to generate steam of about 3,000° C. for thereby driving a turbine is presently being studied, and systems thereof having various features are known now. But in the practical use thereof, there are various problems such that it is the present situation that an ensured technology has not yet been obtained. Examples of such a hydrogen burning turbine plant will be shown in
FIGS. 5 and 6
with outlined description as herebelow.
In a system of
FIG. 5
, which is disclosed in the Japanese laid-open patent No. Hei 6(1994)-299805, a cycle of steam is constructed such that a low temperature steam from a compressor
52
becomes a high temperature steam at a hydrogen oxygen combustor
50
, and enters a turbine
53
for driving it so that power is generated at a generator
54
. Then the steam which has become a low temperature steam flows in a heat exchanger
55
and returns to the compressor
52
. The low temperature steam which has come out of the turbine
53
drives a condensing turbine
63
for thereby driving a generator
64
for power generation, and is then condensed to water at a condenser
65
. Also, another cycle of steam is constructed such that water fed by a pump
62
is heated at the heat exchanger
55
to become steam, and then enters an expansion turbine
56
for thereby driving a generator
57
for power generation. Then the steam which has become a low temperature steam is heated to a high temperature at a hydrogen oxygen combustor
58
, enters a condensing turbine
59
for thereby driving a generator
60
for power generation, is then condensed to water at the condenser
61
, and then flows to the heat exchanger
55
again via the pump
62
. In the present system, exhaust heat is recovered downstream of the turbines, and two units of the hydrogen oxygen combustors are provided, to thereby aim at a higher efficiency.
FIG. 6
shows another example of system using a hydrogen oxygen combustor. In the figure, a cycle of steam is constructed such that steam fed through a low pressure compressor
100
, an intercooler
101
and a high pressure compressor
102
enters a hydrogen oxygen combustor
104
through a first heat exchanger
103
at which the steam is heated to a high temperature to drive a first turbine
105
for thereby driving a generator
114
for power generation. The steam then flows in the first heat exchanger
103
and a second heat exchanger
106
for producing exhaust heat, and after flowing through a third heat exchanger
107
, a potion of the steam drives a second turbine
109
for thereby driving a generator
115
for power generation, and another portion of the steam flows through a fourth heat exchanger
108
to enter the low pressure compressor
100
again.
The steam which has become a low pressure steam after flowing in the second turbine
109
is condensed to water at a condenser
111
, is heated at a first feedwater heater
117
and a second feedwater heater
118
, flows in the fourth and third heat exchangers
108
,
107
, respectively, via a pump
112
, to be heated by the exhaust heat. The water is then further heated to a high temperature at the second heat exchanger
106
and drives a third turbine
110
for thereby driving a generator
116
for power generation. Then, the steam which has become a low temperature steam is partially used for cooling of the first turbine
105
, and remaining steam is returned to an outlet side of the high pressure compressor
102
to flow into the first heat exchanger
103
.
Numeral
119
designates the cooling steam for the first turbine
105
. In the present system, in order to attain a high efficiency of the compressors without making the pressure ratio higher, the system is so constructed that the heat exchangers are provided between the upstream side of the hydrogen oxygen combustor
104
and the downstream side of the first turbine
105
. Thus, the exhaust heat is made use of efficiency.
As mentioned in the prior art examples of
FIGS. 5 and 6
, with respect to the system having the combustion apparatus for burning hydrogen and oxygen to generate a high temperature steam for thereby driving a turbine, there are considered and studied systems having various features for making effective use of the high temperature heat generated for obtaining a high efficiency. In order to make practical use thereof however, because the steam generated by burning hydrogen and oxygen is of a high temperature of about 3,000° C., it becomes necessary to obtain some measure by which the high temperature steam at a sting time of the plant is diluted and reduced to a temperature such that it is able to be introduced into the turbine. Of all the various systems considered at the present time, there is no established system for appropriate staring and running of such systems.
Also, unless the control system is appropriate for starting the operation and continuing the operation until the steam condition of pressure and temperature is established at each portion of the cycle, wet steam can enter into the compressor or turbine, whereby there arises a risk of breakage of the compressor or turbine. It is necessary, therefore, to obtain an established system for watching conditions at each portion of the plant and appropriately controlling flow of steam there. In the present sate hydrogen burning turbine plant, although systems having various features are disclosed, there is not yet established a sufficient control system for effecting operation of an actual plant.
Further, in a prior art hydrogen burning turbine plant shown in
FIG. 7
, while a portion of exhaust gas (steam) coming out of a third turbine
110
is used as a cooling steam for turbine blades etc. of a first turbine
105
, in order to obtain a higher efficiency of this turbine plant, it becomes necessary to reduce the cooling steam of the first turbine
105
as much as possible or to employ a cooling system having a small reduction in gross thermal efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen burning turbine plant for burning hydrogen and oxygen to genearate a high temperature steam for driving a turbine. The plant comprises a start system such that high temperature steam generated at a combustion chamber is diluted at a staring time, and maintain as such, until a self-sustaining operation using the steam generated at the combustion chamber can be started.
Also, in view of the fact that wet steam enters the compressor or turbine, which results in a risk of breakage thereof, unless the control system is appropriate at the starting time and until the condition of steam pressure and temperature is established at each portion of the cycle, it is necessary to obtain an established system for watching conditions at each portion of the plant and appropriately controlling flow of steam threat. Therefore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen burning turbine plant for burning hydrogen and oxygen to generate a high temperature steam for driving a turbine, with the plant having a function of control for detecting pressure and temperature of stem at each inlet potion of the turbine or compressor at a starting time, and for discharging the steam at each inlet portion via a drain valve until dryness of the steam to the extent allowable at each inlet portion is detected.
Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a controlling system for controlling steam flow rate in a compressor, or a high pressure turbine and low pressure turbine, and for controlling fuel flow rate in a co
Sonoda Takashi
Uematsu Kazuo
Casaregola Louis J.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
Wenderoth , Lind & Ponack, L.L.P.
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