Electric power conversion systems – Current conversion – Including d.c.-a.c.-d.c. converter
Patent
1992-04-22
1994-05-10
Beha, Jr., William H.
Electric power conversion systems
Current conversion
Including d.c.-a.c.-d.c. converter
307 82, H02M 3315
Patent
active
053114183
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an arrangement for direct transformation of electric power from one DC-(=direct current) voltage to another DC-voltage.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In power transmission DC-voltage is used to transmit high electric power from production centers to consumption centers. Since the power is generated and distributed with AC networks (1,2) it is necessary to transform the AC-voltage to a DC-voltage (U.sub.d in FIG. 1) by means of a rectifier (3) and on the other end re-transform the DC-voltage to an AC-voltage by means of an inverter (4). These convertors are composed of converter transformers (5, 6) and valves (7) which are connected into valve bridges (8, 9). The rectifier and the inverter as well as the valve bridges are known and described in reference 1, chapter 2 and 3.
The rectifier and the invertor can be provided with filters on the AC-voltage side (10, 11) as well as on the DC-voltage side (12, 13). These filters as well as the smoothing reactor (14, 15) on the DC-voltage side are provided in order to filter harmonics in current and voltage, which are generated as a consequence of the transformation from AC- to DC-voltage and vice versa. Each rectifier or inverter consequently needs a lot of equipment which also generates a lot of losses. This has strongly restricted the utilization of high voltage direct current as a means of transmitting electric power.
With technology known today relating transformation of electric power from one high voltage DC-voltage level to another high voltage DC-voltage level, the power is converted to an AC-voltage by means of an alternator and then converted to the other DC-voltage level by means of a rectifier. Another known arrangement relates to a series connection of a couple of converters for increasing or decreasing of the DC-voltage level in proportion to the power supplied to or withdrawn from the AC-voltage network (compare reference 2).
Known arrangements of DC/DC transformation for low voltage application (se e.g. chapter 7 in reference 3) are not suitable for power transmission and high voltage equipment, due to the high requirement for low noise interference, low losses and high insulation levels, and the high leakage inductances in the transformers related to the high voltage levels.
The known rectifier (3) and inverter (4) are drawn in FIG. 1. In the figure a 12 pulse configuration is illustrated with star- and delta-connected converter transformers, which is the most common configuration today. This known configuration and corresponding firing sequence is described in chapter 2.9 of reference 1. In the 12-pulse configuration the firing varies cyclically from one valve to another in each 12-pulse group (8, 9). The two series connected 6-pulse groups in each rectifier and the inverter are phase shifted 30.degree. since transformer valve windings in the upper group are star connected (16, 18) and in the lower group are delta connected (17, 19). Due to restrictions in maximum power handling capacity of each transformer unit the transformer windings may be divided in one, two, three or six units. In each of these units there must be at least one AC-winding (20, 21) with the same phase shift as the valve windings in the respective transformer unit. The greatest quantity of transformer units and the lowest power handling capacity per unit is achieved if only one valve winding and corresponding AC winding is placed in one and the same transformer unit.
Since rectifying and inversion with today's power technology is performed with line commutated valves, the firing and extinction is achieved only with certain firing angle, .alpha., and extinction angle, .gamma., respectively. Commutation from the valve winding of one phase, to a valve winding of another phase will only be achieved with a certain overlap angle, u due to the transformer leakage inductance. Due to these a certain phase shift between the voltage and the current is created during the rectification and the inversion proce
REFERENCES:
patent: 3460020 (1969-08-01), Quinn
patent: 3942089 (1976-03-01), Kanngiesser
patent: 4477868 (1984-10-01), Steigerwald
E. W. Kimbark "Direct Current Transmission", vol. I, Chapters 2 and 3, pp. 48-123, 1971, John Wiley & Sons.
K. Thorborg "Power Electronics", Chapter 6, pp. 172-179 and Chapter 7, pp. 224-257, 1988 Prentice-Hall International (UK) Ltd.
A. Ekstrom "Kimpendium i Hogeffektelektronik", 7., pp. 1-30, Kungl. Tekniska Hogskolan/EKC Elkraftcentrum Jan. 1988.
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