Abrasive tool making process – material – or composition – With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
Patent
1990-03-02
1992-09-08
Rose, Robert A.
Abrasive tool making process, material, or composition
With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
51204, 51207, 73104, 407119, B24B 4912
Patent
active
051447738
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a honing or grinding tool, comprising a cutting element, a cutting element support for the cutting element, and a measuring device for measuring wear of such tools.
Such tools are known. They are tools for machining by chip removal wherein a cutting layer (cutting element) is disposed on a steel base (cutting element support) by means of an adhesive layer.
In connection with the installation of fully automatic machining operations, primarily with multi-spindle machines, monitoring for wear is of great importance for operational safety and manufacturing quality. Wear of a honing bar is to the greatest extend dependent on the number of pieces machined (tool life quantity). Other effects are, for example, feed, material hardness or non-homogeneity of the tool. Tool replacement at the right time is very important for efficient manufacturing. It should not be performed too early, i.e. when the volume of the cutting means (volume of the cutting element or cutting layer) has not yet been fully used up; nor should it be performed too late, because this would mean a run with tools no longer of qualitatively high value, i.e. rejects.
Up to now it was possible to monitor the wear of the cutting element of a honing bar or a grinding wheel, for example approximately, in that in the simplest case the shortest tool life (time for machining one work piece) or tool life quantity (number of the work pieces machined) was determined and this value was made the standard for checking of the machine tool by the operators at corresponding intervals. Checking itself was performed by visual inspection of the tool.
Another possibility, in case of electronic-mechanical or electronic-hydraulic feed of the tools, lies in monitoring the feed travel. However, this means only indirect checking of wear of the cutting layer of a honing bar. If feeding is performed in steps by means of a defined number of pulses, it is possible, corresponding to the assumed wear, to also provide after a predetermined number of work cycles fixed predetermined number of additional feed pulses. Such a device also does not constitute actual wear monitoring, but merely compensation for wear. Only the sum of the additional pulses required for compensation and the comparison with an empirically set useable thickness of the cutting layer of a honing bar, however, will result in information as to whether replacement of a honing bar is needed, which can be processed by an automatic control.
In modern automatic controls the usable thickness of the cutting layer, the number of steps per compensating operation and the approach angle of a honing tool are input in the control. The machine is stopped when it reaches the wear limit, based on the addition of the compensation distance. The wear condition of the honing bars is displayed on a monitor by means of bar graphs. When reaching a programmable warning limit the automatic control alerts the operator in good time to replace the tool. However, this tool wear monitoring can only be employed in case of feeding by means of a step motor. This indirect wear monitoring cannot be used with hydraulic feeding. Furthermore, this indirect monitoring has the disadvantage of having to take into account manufacturing tolerances in regard to height. But such a height may under certain circumstances correspond to a tool life quantity of up to several thousand work pieces. Thus indirect wear monitoring does not guarantee the best possible efficient use of the cutting layer.
No honing bars are known in which the wear condition can be directly determined. Tools for machining of workpieces by chip removal are known from related fields, where wear monitoring is performed. However, the technologies used there cannot be directly used for the manufacture of a honing bar in connection with which direct wear monitoring can be performed.
For example, in EP-A-0 225 300 a throw-away carbide indexable insert is described, where a layer impervious to radiation is disposed on a substrate emitting radi
REFERENCES:
patent: 4818153 (1989-04-01), Strandell et al.
Flores Gerhard
Lex Konrad
Reisser Helmut
Kadia-Diamant Maschinen-und Werkzeugfabrik O. Kopp GmbH & Co.
Rose Robert A.
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