Liquid purification or separation – Casing divided by membrane into sections having inlet – Energy recovery from treated liquid
Patent
1984-10-09
1986-09-02
Sever, Frank
Liquid purification or separation
Casing divided by membrane into sections having inlet
Energy recovery from treated liquid
2105001, B01D 3100
Patent
active
046094644
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates to a hollow fiber for use in dialysis and an artificial kidney utilizing the hollow fiber. More particularly, this invention relates to a dialytic hollow fiber to be used such as in an artificial kidney system having an excellent dialytic effect.
2. Background of Art
Recently, artificial kidney systems harnessing the action of dialysis, the action of ultrafiltration, etc. have been showing remarkable growth and finding extensive utility in the medical world. In these artificial kidney systems, dialytic hollow fibers of extremely small diameters constitute themselves the most important member.
The dialytic hollow fibers are typified by (1) a drawn and oriented hollow fiber perforated throughout the entire length thereof and having a uniform wall thickness of several .mu.m to 60 .mu.m and a uniform truly circular cross section 10 .mu.m to several hundred .mu.m in outside diameter through the entire length and the entire circumference thereof (Japanese Patent Publication No. SHO 50(1975)-40,168), (2) a hollow artificial fiber formed of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose and having a cross-sectional construction wherein the constituent near the outer surface is denser than the constituent near the inner surface and the constituent in the intermediate part (Japanese Patent Publication No. SHO 55(1980)-1,363), and (3) a dialytic hollow fiber of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose so constructed that the cuprammonium regenerated cellulose tube containing a hollow core, when observed in a wetted state under an electron microscope, shows a substantially homogeneous and microporous texture containing fine interstices not more than 200 .ANG. in size throughout lateral and longitudinal cross sections (Japanese Laid-Open No. SHO 49(1974)-134,920). These hollow fibers are invariably manufactured by extruding cuprammonium cellulose spinning dope through an annular spinning orifice into the ambient air, allowing the extruded tube of spinning dope to fall down by its own weight and, on that occasion, discharging into the central portion of the linearly extruded spinning dope a liquid noncoagulable relative to the spinning dope thereby filling the hollow core of the tube of spinning dope with that liquid, then allowing the extruded tube of spinning dope to be thoroughly drawn by the fall under its own weight and submerging the drawn tube of spinning dope under a dilute surfuric acid solution thereby coagulating and regenerating the spinning dope.
Production of a dialytic system such as an artificial kidney system by the use of such hollow fibers is effected, for example, by inserting a bundle of hollow fibers of the aforementioned description in a tubular body provided near the opposite extremities thereof with an inlet tube and an outlet tube and subsequently sealing the opposite ends of the bundle of hollow fibers in conjunction with the opposite extremities of the aforementioned tubular body with resin such as polyurethane. Thus, the dialytic system is completed in a construction resembling the construction of a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger, for example.
These hollow fibers are invariably manufactured by extruding the cuprammonium cellulose spinning dope into a gaseous atmosphere, allowing the extruded tube of spinning dope to fall under its own weight, and thereafter submerging the tube under a coagulating solution thereby coagulating and regenerating the spinning dope. While the extruded tube of spinning dope is falling down in the gaseous atmosphere, therefore, ammonia separates to some extent from the cellulose and begins to set inside the wall of the extruded wall inwardly from the outer surface. The hollow fibers thus produced, therefore, form a skin in the outer surface, though to a varying degree depending on the method of manufacture to be employed. Thus, none of these conventional hollow fibers has a homogeneous texture in the inner and outer surface portions and in the intermediate portion. The hollow fibers manufactured by the method of (1) described
REFERENCES:
patent: 3888771 (1975-06-01), Isuge et al.
patent: 4444716 (1984-04-01), Aoyagi et al.
Aoyagi Juuro
Seita Yukio
Takahara Kazuaki
Sever Frank
Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha
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