Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging – Serially connected batteries or cells
Reexamination Certificate
1998-10-14
2001-01-16
Tso, Edward H. (Department: 2838)
Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging
Serially connected batteries or cells
C320S118000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06175214
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to high voltage power supplies, and more particularly to a high voltage power supply comprised of a plurality of thin metal film batteries.
2. Discussion
Limited burst directed energy military systems are well known and have a high target kill success rate. The systems require a high voltage electrical source that drives the system in either a pulsed or continuous operation for short engagement times at high average powers, typically on the order of hundreds of kilowatts. Conventional energy storage and high voltage power supplies are of the type disclosed in research papers published and proceedings such as the IEEE Pulsed Power Conference or the IEEE Modulator Conference.
One disadvantage of the prior energy storage and high voltage power supply art is the size of the power supplies, especially when utilized with mobile systems of limited available platform energy. In such cases, energy must be stored in a multi-component medium, such as a homopolar generator, compulsator, flywheel, or capacitor, at comparatively low voltages, then converted to high voltage of appropriate volt-ampere-pulse duration characteristics. The separate components typically require ferrite materials for transformer cores, thick conductors to handle high input currents, and substantive separations to handle high output voltages.
A second disadvantage of the prior energy storage art is that for systems of reasonable size and weight, available energy storage density means engagement times are typically only 5-10 seconds.
Another disadvantage of the prior energy storage and high voltage power supply art is that to obtain compact high voltage power supplies, a series resonant inverter (“SRI”) approach is used. However, high average power throughput using the SRI approach presents a design limitation on the switching frequency. Lower switching frequencies must be used for high average power throughput, meaning regulation of the volt-ampere values at the load is not sufficiently fast.
A further disadvantage of the prior energy storage and high voltage power supply art is that the SRI approach creates low frequency noise from the switches which propagates ubiquitously throughout the rest of the system, with attendant contamination and control problems.
Still another disadvantage of the prior energy storage and high voltage power supply art is the inherent control complexity of using several separate subsystem components which must be simultaneously monitored, regulated, timed, and controlled for both normal operation and fault response.
The prior art energy storage and high voltage power supplies also suffer from their comparative lower overall system energy efficiency. Each subsystem component has its own input-to-output conversion efficiency. These efficiencies are never 100%. Hence, each additional subsystem component removes usable energy, with attendant problems of heat production and thermal management.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a high voltage battery power supply that uses thin metal film batteries in a large series assembly. This supply can be used to replace the high voltage power supply and pulse shaping components in limited burst energy military systems. In the high voltage battery power supply system of the present invention, an extremely large number of electrical cells are placed in series, with the voltages from each of the cells being summed, while the total output from the cells is voltage regulated, and the performance of the assembly is safeguarded against both short circuit and open circuit faults of any individual cell.
Further, the high voltage battery power supply of the present invention produces a high voltage, of up to 100 kilovolts, moderate current, in the order of 25 amperes, electrical source, which can drive a high power microwave source in either pulsed or continuous operation for short engagement times, typically around ten seconds, and at high average power of a hundred kilowatts and beyond.
The high power battery voltage supply system of the present invention has inherently only the intrinsic efficiency of “one” component (the constituent thin metal film battery) and that efficiency is determined principally by the load impedance (on the order of 2,000 to 8,000 ohms) divided by the sum of the high power battery voltage supply system of the present invention total internal resistance (on the order of 100 ohms) and load impedance. The high power battery voltage supply system of the present invention thus has an inherent efficiency in the upper range, compared to efficiencies of less than 90%, end-to-end, for prior art.
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Kato Keith G.
Mendoza Raul
Harness & Dickey & Pierce P.L.C.
Raytheon Company
Tso Edward H.
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