Electrical generator or motor structure – Non-dynamoelectric – Piezoelectric elements and devices
Reexamination Certificate
2007-07-23
2008-10-07
Dougherty, Thomas M (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Non-dynamoelectric
Piezoelectric elements and devices
C310S300000, C310S363000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07432630
ABSTRACT:
A method for driving an actuator. The method includes applying an electrical potential across an electrostrictive material relative to a counterelectrode disposed within an electrolyte, thereby creating a double layer potential across a region of enhanced ionic concentration. A current flowing between the electorostrictive material and the counterelectrode is measured. A portion of the applied potential appearing across the electrolyte and counterelectrode is calculated and subtracted from the applied potential to obtain an estimated double layer potential. The applied electrical potential is adjusted to obtain a specified double layer potential.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4096047 (1978-06-01), Hale et al.
patent: 6428684 (2002-08-01), Warburton
patent: 6555945 (2003-04-01), Baughman et al.
patent: 6586859 (2003-07-01), Kornbluh et al.
patent: 6770027 (2004-08-01), Banik et al.
patent: 6969365 (2005-11-01), Scorvo
patent: 7063671 (2006-06-01), Couvillon, Jr.
patent: 7256529 (2007-08-01), Hunter et al.
patent: 2003/0236531 (2003-12-01), Couvillon, Jr.
patent: 2004/0068224 (2004-04-01), Couvillon et al.
patent: 2006/0253942 (2006-11-01), Barrera et al.
Madden et al., Fast contracting polypyrrole actuators, Synthetic Metals 113, Issue 1-2, Jun. 15, 2000, pp. 185-192.
Braghman, Conducting polymer artificial muscles, Synthetic Metals 78 (1996) pp. 339-353.
Mazzoldi et al., Conducting Polymer Actuators, Springer Verlag: Heidelberg, 1999.
Baughman et al., Electromechanical Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers, Topics in Molecular Organization and Engineering, vol. 7: Molecular Electronics; 1991, p. 267.
Pei et al., Electrochemica Applications of the Bending Beam Method, Journal of Physical Chemistry 1992, 96, pp. 10507-10514.
Herod et al., Doping-Induced Strain in Polyaniline: Stretchoelectrochemistry, Chemistry of Materials, 1993, 5, pp. 951-955.
Kaneko et al., Electrolyte and strain dependences of chemomechanical deformation of polyaniline film, Synthetic Metals 84 (1997) pp. 795-796.
Otero, T.F., Artificial Muscles, Electrodissolution and Redox Processes in Conducting Polymers, Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: vol. 4, Conductive Polymers: Transport, Photophysics and Applications, 1997; vol. 4, pp. 517-594.
Della Santa et al., Bilayer muscles, Synthetic Metals 1997, 90, pp. 93-100.
Madden et al., Accession No. AD-A332 030/6/XAB; Progress Towards An Automatic, Microfabricated Polymer Air-Fluid Sampling Inlet NTIS: 1997.
Madden et al., Encapsulated Polypyrrole Actuators, Synthetic Metals 105 (1999) pp. 61-64.
Pei et al., Electrochemical applications of the banding beam method; a novel way to study ion transport in electroactive polymers, Solid State Ionics 1993, 60, pp. 161-166.
Lee et al., Thin Film Conductive Polymer for Microactuator and Micromuscle Applications, Dynamic Systems and Control; ASME: 1994; Vo. 55-2, pp. 735-732.
Mazzoldi et al., Actuative properties of polyaniline fibers under electrochemical stimulation, Materials Science & Engineering C 6 (1998) pp. 65-72.
Hunter et al., A Comparison of Muscle with Artificial Actuators, Synthetic Metals, Technical Digest IEEE Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop; IEEE: 1992; pp. 178-185.
Kaneto et al., Artificial muscle: Electromechnical actuators using polyaniline films, Synthetic Metals 1995, 71 pp. 2211-2212.
Madden et al., Fabrication by Electrodeposition: Building 3D Structures and Polymer Actuators, Proceedings—Micro Machine and Human Science 95; 1995, pp. 1-5.
Smela et al., Controlled Folding of Micrometer-Size Structures, Science, 1995, vol. 268, pp. 1735-1738.
Yamaura et al., Memory effect of electrical conductivity upon the counteranion exchange of polypyrrole films, Synthetic Metals 1992, vol. 48, pp. 337-354.
Smela et al., Electrochemical Muscles: Micromachining Fingers and Corkscrews, Advanced Materials 1993, 5 (9) pp. 630-632.
Sapp et al., Rapid Switching Solid State Electrochromic Devices Based on Complementary Conducting Polymer Films, Advanced Materials 1996, 8, pp. 808-811.
Courtot-Coupez et al., Electrochimie dan le carbonate de propylene, Bulletin De La Societe Chimique De France 1970, 4, pp. 1631-1636.
Arbizzani et al., Conducting Polymers for Batteries, Supercapacitors and Optical Devices, Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: vol. 4, 1997, vol. 4, Chapter 11, pp. 595-619.
Hunter Ian
Madden John D.
Bromberg & Sunstein LLP
Dougherty Thomas M
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
LandOfFree
High power-to-mass ratio actuator does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with High power-to-mass ratio actuator, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and High power-to-mass ratio actuator will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4008717