Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
Patent
1988-01-13
1988-12-06
Coven, Edward M.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
12820425, A61M 1600
Patent
active
047889748
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a high-frequency artificial respirator capable of giving artificial respiration by applying a high-frequency oscillation to the gas within the air passages of a patient.
BACKROUND ART
It is known that conventional types of high-frequency artificial respirators have generally been constructed as shown in FIG. 1. In the Figure, a patient circuit generally indicated at 1 is constituted by a tube 1a inserted into the trachea of a patient, three tubes 1b, 1c and 1d being respectively communicated with the tube 1a. One end of the tube 1b is connected to an oscillation generator 2 having a cylinder 2a and a piston 2c driven by a motor 2b, one end of the tube 1c is connected to a pneumatic low-pass filter 3, and one end of the tube 1d connected to a humidification and respiration gas supply pipe 5. In addition, a respiration pressure measurement line 4 is connected to the tube 1b.
The piston 2c is caused to reciprocally move by virtue of the motion of a motor 2b and thereby imparts a high-frequency oscillation, normally of 4 Hz or higher, to the gas flow within the patient circuit 1. In consequence, the diffusion of the gas within the air passages of the patient is accelerated, thereby giving artificial respiration to the patient.
The low-pass filter 3 is constituted by a tube having an internal diameter of about 8 to 10 mm and a length of about 3 to 5 m, and, as shown in FIG. 1, is formed in a spiral manner so as to reduce the space occupied by it to the minimum. Since the low-pass filter 3, as mentioned above, has a relatively small diameter and, in addition, a length of 3 to 5 m, when a gas abruptly starts to flow through the filter 3, resistance acts upon the gas flow in the filter 3, thereby preventing the abrupt flow of gas from being discharged to the exterior. Accordingly, the low-pass filter 3 allows slowly flowing components such as the continuous flow based on the respiration spontaneously performed by the patient and a gas supplied to the patient to pass, but precludes the passage of a high-frequency oscillation component generated by the oscillation generator 2.
A respiration gas supply source 6 is connected to the distal end of the humidification and respiration gas supply pipe 5 through a solenoid valve 7, a flowmeter 10 with a flow control valve and a humidifier 11 which are arranged in order. The humidifier 11 is provided so as to suitably humidify the respiration gas supplied into the air passages of the patient. A pressure sensor 8 is mounted on the distal end of the respiration pressure measurement line 4. The pressure sensor 8 is arranged to detect the gas pressure within the patient circuit 1 and deliver to a controller 9 signals obtained from the detection.
In addition, the controller 9 is electrically connected to the motor 2b and the solenoid valve 7 as well as the above-described pressure sensor 8. The controller 9 controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 7 on the basis of the gas pressure within the patient circuit 1 detected by the pressure sensor 8, whereby it is possible to consistently maintain the pressure of a supplied gas (or inner pressure of the patient circuit 1) within a suitable range of pressure.
However, such a conventional type of high-frequency artificial respirator involves the following disadvantages. As mentioned above, the low-pass filter 3 functions to allow only the passage of slowly flowing components such as the continuous flow caused by the spontaneous respiration of the patient and a gas supplied to him/her in order to prevent the loss of high-frequency oscillation components generated by the oscillation generator 2. The low-pass filter 3 having such a function is constituted by a tube having an internal diameter of about 8 to 10 mm and a length of about 3 to 5 m, so that the filter 3 unavoidably takes a fairly large percentage of the space occupied by the entire respirator, thus making it difficult to reduce the overall size of the respirator. Also, an operator uses the artificial respirator wit
REFERENCES:
patent: 1711270 (1929-04-01), Litle, Jr.
patent: 2664109 (1953-12-01), Iager
patent: 3677267 (1972-07-01), Richards
patent: 4351329 (1982-09-01), Ellestad et al.
patent: 4409977 (1983-10-01), Bisera et al.
patent: 4552140 (1985-11-01), Cowley et al.
Coven Edward M.
Lacyk J. P.
Senko Medical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd.
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